Seizures
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Investigators Identify Connection Between Vascular Malformation, Gut Bacteria Profile
The presence of gram-negative bacteria was linked to an abundance of abnormalities known to cause strokes, seizures, and headaches.
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Treating Depression in Epilepsy: To Medicate or Not?
Epileptic patients with major depression were randomized to either cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or sertraline. Depression and related secondary health outcomes were analyzed in both groups. Sertraline and CBT were found to be equally efficacious with improvement in mood in just over one-half of the patients.
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Stereoelectroencephalography in Surgical Evaluation of Intractable Epilepsy
Epilepsy surgery is one of the treatment modalities for intractable pharmacoresistent epilepsy. For seizure freedom to be achieved, the epileptogenic zone (EZ) must be resected successfully. Stereoelectroencephalography is one of the invasive intracranial EEG recording techniques used for EZ localization. The technological advancements in the past two decades have made this procedure safer, more accurate, and easier to perform and therefore more readily available.
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Anticonvulsant Prescribing Habits and Declining Teratogenesis: The Changing Landscape of Pregnancy and Epilepsy
These authors analyzed data from a long-standing prospective cohort to study changes in prescribing habits and pregnancy outcomes following restriction on the use of valproic acid in women of child-bearing potential. Declining use of valproate and carbamazepine was associated with a decline in teratogenesis.
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Ketogenic Diet for Refractory Pediatric Seizures
This retrospective study of 59 children with refractory seizures of genetic etiology investigates the impact of a strict low-carb diet (either modified Atkins or ketogenic diet) on seizure reduction.
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Prevalence of Refractory Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a common form of generalized epilepsy. Although the prognosis of JME is not clear, it is assumed to have a good response to treatment. The authors of this meta-analysis found a higher than expected prevalence of refractoriness in JME, which will affect how neurologists counsel patients with JME.
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Witness Observations in Diagnosing Transient Loss of Consciousness
These investigators found that adding witness-reported observations to patient demographics and patient-reported symptoms improved the diagnostic accuracy between epilepsy, syncope, and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.
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Utility of Ictal Magnetoencephalography for Identifying Seizure Onset Zone
In a review of 377 magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies in epilepsy patients undergoing presurgical workup, 44 patients were found to have one or more seizures during routine recordings, lasting up to a mean of 51.2 minutes. Ictal MEG provided unique localizing data in about one-third of patients. For patients with frequent seizures or reliably induced seizures, MEG may be a useful supplemental tool for medically refractory epilepsy patients undergoing presurgical evaluation.
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Which Is Better for Nonconvulsive Seizures: Lacosamide or Fosphenytoin?
Intravenous lacosamide was found to be noninferior to fosphenytoin in the treatment of nonconvulsive seizures in a prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial.
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Cannabidiol for Pediatric Seizures
Three months of cannabidiol-enriched cannabis extract decreased mean monthly seizure frequency in children and young adults with refractory epilepsy.