Primary Care/Hospitalist
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The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Fractures, Falls, and Bone Mineral Density
The authors of this systemic review, random-effect meta-analysis, and trial sequence analysis suggested that vitamin D supplementation does not have clinically significant effects on bone mineral density or the prevention of fractures or falls.
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Weight Loss Maintenance — Is Low-Carb the Key? An Investigation Into the Metabolic Effect of Diet
Researchers found that among adults seeking to maintain weight loss, consumption of a low-carbohydrate diet led to the highest total energy expenditure.
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Lettuce for Sleep? Maybe, but Not in Salad Form
The authors of this single-blind randomized study found that 1,000 mg of culinary lettuce seed nightly for two weeks can improve sleep in pregnant women with insomnia.
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Influenza Cases Rising: What Clinicians Need to Know
The burden of influenza is significant. So far in the current 2018-2019 season, about 7 million Americans have been affected, with half of those people seeing a physician. Between 69,000 and 84,000 people have been hospitalized for flu-related illness.
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Prucalopride Tablets (Motegrity)
Prucalopride is indicated for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults.
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Should Acute Appendicitis Be Managed Without Appendectomy?
A retrospective cohort study that used national insurance claims data revealed patients with acute appendicitis who were treated nonsurgically experienced higher rates of complications and higher overall care costs.
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Alcohol Use: No Safe Level
A systematic analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 on alcohol-linked disorders and patterns of alcohol use over 25 years worldwide found there is no safe level of alcohol consumption.
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Helicobacter pylori: A Mini Primer
Although the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori seems to be decreasing in the United States, at least in higher socioeconomic strata, it remains a problem for lower-income groups, travelers to developing countries, and the rest of the world.
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Low-Carbohydrate Diet Increases Energy Expenditure
Consistent with the role of insulin and carbohydrate intake, a low-carbohydrate diet increases energy expenditure and facilitates the maintenance of weight loss.
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Prostatectomy Beats Watchful Waiting in Men Diagnosed With Prostate Cancer in the 1990s
In men with prostate cancer diagnosed in the 1990s (primarily by digital rectal exam), researchers found that radical prostatectomy offered an average survival benefit of 2.9 years over watchful waiting.