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While rhythm disturbance may be a common presenting complaint among adult emergency department (ED) patients, the incidence of cardiac dysrhythmia among pediatric patients is relatively low. In one retrospective review, primary cardiac arrhythmias were identified in 13.9 per 100,000 pediatric ED visits.1 The incidence of these dysrhythmias peaked during infancy and then again in adolescence.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias in children may be due to primary conduction abnormalities or may occur in the setting of structural heart disease, metabolic derangements from toxic ingestions, or infections. Supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) represent the most common pediatric dysrhythmias in adolescents (an estimated 63% of all documented tachycardias).1 After a brief review of initial emergency management of dysrhythmia, the authors will emphasize important pediatric ECG parameters and how they differ from adults.
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Christiana Hospital in Newark, DE, averages between 315 and 320 patients per day. It's a huge ED, taking up a lot of space, explains Amy Whalen, RN, BSN, SANE-A, the assistant nurse manager in the ED.
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Process improvements typically take center stage whenever hospital administrators decide that patient throughput and patient satisfaction are not where they need to be.
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There is nothing like working on the front lines in a busy emergency department to learn about the impact of traumatic injuries. Consider, for example, the experiences of Brent Parry, NREMTP. Serving as a paramedic for LifeFlight, and as a tech for the ED at Geisinger Wyoming Valley (GWV) Medical Center in Wilkes-Barre, PA, Parry is often among the first to see patients who have been seriously injured.
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Measuring the number of ED malpractice claims that are avoided by calling patients post-discharge is difficult, acknowledges Jeanie Taylor, RN, BSN, MS, vice president of risk services for Emergency Physicians Insurance Company (Epic) in Roseville, CA. "It is hard to measure what did not occur, so the effectiveness of callback programs from a claims perspective is largely anecdotal," she says.
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The most significant legal risks in the ED are not those associated with boarding patients or high-acuity traumas, but rather, those associated with relatively stable patients with undifferentiated diagnoses, according to an analysis of malpractice cases occurring from 2006 to 2010 from Crico Strategies' Comparative Benchmarking System database.
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Whether an emergency physician (EP) has deviated from the accepted standard of care on the basis of timeframe depends on the facts of the individual case, says Robert D. Kreisman, JD, a medical malpractice attorney with Kreisman Law Offices in Chicago.
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If the hospital isn't named in a medical malpractice lawsuit, an emergency physician (EP) defendant can sometimes take advantage of the "empty chair" defense strategy, says Joseph P. McMenamin, MD, JD, FCLM, a partner at Richmond, VA-based McGuireWoods LLP and a former practicing EP.
