Pediatric Emergency Medicine Reports
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The Pediatric Airway and Rapid Sequence Intubation
The skill to assess and manage the pediatric airway is essential. Correlating anatomic considerations with the need for escalating airway management is critical to optimize each child's outcome.
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Diagnosis and Management of Infants With Critical Congenital Heart Disease in the Emergency Department
Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. When children with undiagnosed congenital heart disease (CHD) present acutely, the challenge of diagnosis and the importance of timely management can be daunting for any physician in an emergency setting. The children with the highest morbidity and mortality from critical congenital heart disease are infants younger than 1 year of age.
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Measles and Mumps: Old Diseases, New Outbreaks
Measles and mumps are back ... and not in a good way. Until now, many clinicians had only heard of these almost-eradicated diseases. Unfortunately, the reality is clinicians may see children with these diseases. It is critical to identify them early, recognize potential high-risk exposures, and manage the disease and its complications effectively. Involvement of public health resources and early appropriate isolation are necessary to limit the spread of these two infections. The author provides a timely review of all critical aspects of both of these diseases.
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Uncommon Diagnoses That Cannot Be Missed
Pediatric patients present to the emergency department (ED) with a variety of issues ranging from benign upper respiratory infections to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Many emergent conditions may mimic the common and nonthreatening ailments of normal childhood. Emergency physicians must be able to recognize and treat uncommon but emergent illnesses quickly and accurately. In addition, providers must be aware of those illnesses that look serious but warrant only supportive care. This article will focus on the assessment, evaluation, differential, and treatment of uncommon but can’t-miss diagnoses that clinicians should consider in the emergency setting.
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Approach to Pediatric Abdominal Pain in the ED: Part II
Abdominal pain is challenging in pediatrics. This two-part series deals with must-not-miss diagnosis and common etiologies of abdominal pain. In this second part, the authors focus on toddlers and older children. -
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Approach to Pediatric Abdominal Pain in the ED: Part I
Abdominal pain is a common pediatric chief complaint with a diversity of etiologies. Many are benign, but some have the potential for devastating consequences if a timely diagnosis is not made. Understanding and practicing a comprehensive approach facilitates consideration of more serious pathology while allowing for a focused diagnostic plan. This two-part series guides the clinician to a practical clinical approach to pediatric abdominal pain.
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Sleep Tight, and Don’t Let the Ectoparasites Bite: Part 2
Providers in the pediatric emergency department frequently encounter ectoparasitic infestations. Infestations require early recognition and knowledge of effective treatment strategies. Last month, the author reviewed scabies, chiggers, and lice. This month, the bedbugs and ticks will come biting!
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Sleep Tight, and Don’t Let the Ectoparasites Bite: Part 1
Providers in the pediatric emergency department frequently encounter ectoparasitic infestations. Lice and scabies require early recognition and knowledge of effective treatment strategies. This month, the author reviews scabies, chiggers, and lice. Next month, the bed bugs and ticks will come biting!
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Acute Treatment of Pediatric Migraine
Migraines occur in young children, but may be challenging to diagnose. Migraines can have a great impact on pediatric patients’ quality of life with school absence and limitations on extracurricular activities. Treatment of pediatric migraines or possible migraines is difficult secondary to the lack of evidence for effective therapies in pediatric patients. Treatment includes traditional therapy with dopamine receptor antagonists (DRAs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), triptans, and combination therapies. Newer therapies include magnesium, valproic acid (VPA), and peripheral nerve blocks. The authors review the clinical presentation of migraines in children, guidelines for diagnosis, and therapeutic options.