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Physicians need to understand the pathophysiology, preventative
strategies, and acute management of patients with altitude sickness.
This article presents an overview of the spectrum of altitude illness,
diagnosis, and current management strategies, as well as preventative
strategies.
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The first part of this two-part series addressed the use of US for complications of early pregnancy in adolescent females and for testicular complaints in pediatric and adolescent males. This issue focuses on the use, role, and limitations of US in the evaluation of cardiac, abdominal, and renal disease processes.
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The evaluation and diagnosis of the child with a limp can be challenging for the emergency physician. The authors review common causes for the acutely limping child, with special attention to those etiologies that need emergent or urgent intervention and referral. Additionally, the authors offer clinical and historical clues to help decipher the cause.
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Although pediatric cardiac diseases infrequently are seen in the emergency department (ED), early diagnosis and aggressive management is critical. Most importantly, the clinician must include these diseases in their differential and have a thorough understanding of typical and atypical presentations for congenital heart disease, dysrhythmias, myocarditis and pericarditis. Any child who has a clinical presentation suggestive of cardiac disease, must receive appropriate diagnostic testing and timely referral to optimize the childs outcome. The authors provide a thorough, focused review of the most commonly encountered cardiac diseases in the ED and key aspects to stabilization.
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Although an increasingly uncommon scenario, pediatric patients continue to suffer fatal consequences of poisonings in the United States each year. Individuals providing care for the pediatric population continue in their efforts not only to find ways to treat exposed children, but also to avoid exposures from occurring at all. The goal of reducing morbidity and mortality from poisonings in ever-changing environments, both in the home and at the hospital, remains a challenge to all caregivers.
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With the media currently focused on vaccine shortages, the emergency physician must be prepared to rationally and scientifically explain diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in children with influenza. The author of this article prepares the ED physician to confidently face the 2004-2005 influenza season.
