Obstetrics/Gynecology
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Pap Smear Management: An Update on Recent Recommendations
Despite its current prevalence in the care of patients, the Pap smear has been used for less than 100 years. A major advancement in the field of screening came in the late 1970s and early 1980s with the identification that the human papilloma virus (HPV). Since the year 2000, there have been multiple progressive cycles of updates to both screening and management guidelines as the result of our rapidly evolving understanding of HPV.
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A New Nonhormonal Vaginal Gel Contraceptive
In this single-arm, open-label, Phase III study of a novel vaginal pH regulator gel among 1,384 sexually active women aged 18 to 35 years, the seven-cycle cumulative pregnancy rate was 13.7% (95% confidence interval, 10.0% to 17.5%).
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Is Universal Rescreening of Pregnant Women for Hepatitis C Cost-Effective?
In this cost-effectiveness analysis study, the authors assessed the cost effectiveness of offering hepatitis C virus (HCV) antenatal rescreening to U.S. women who previously were screened HCV negative in a prior pregnancy.
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Body Mass Index and Safety of Postpartum Tubal Ligation
In a single-institution, retrospective review of 3,670 postpartum tubal ligations performed after vaginal delivery, there was no association between increasing body mass index and surgical morbidity.
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State Support Could Improve HPV Vaccination Rates
Investigators researched three possible state-level programs to guide lawmakers on this public health issue.
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Perinatal Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of the OB/GYN
The obstetrical effect of COVID-19 has received attention worldwide. However, data examining the psychological effect on women in the perinatal period still are emerging. Although there is little doubt that COVID-19 has increased depression and anxiety in many demographic groups, a small amount of existing literature begins to give us some insight into the incidence, risk factors, and protective factors for mental illness in perinatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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HPV Vaccination Reduces the Risk of Invasive Cervical Cancer
In this retrospective cohort study of women in Sweden, receipt of human papillomavirus vaccination prior to age 17 years was associated with an 88% decrease in cervical cancer, and vaccination at ages 17 to 30 years was associated with a 53% decrease in cervical cancer.
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Female Caregivers May Delay Seeking Care for Pelvic Floor Disorders
One-third of patients presenting for urogynecologic subspecialty care are caregivers. Of these, women caring for an adult are more likely to delay seeking care for pelvic floor disorders.
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Does Epidural Analgesia for Labor and Delivery Pain Relief Cause Autism?
In this retrospective cohort study of 147,895 singleton births, epidural anesthesia was used in 74.2% of cases and the hazard ratio for the subsequent diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders was 1.37 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-1.53).
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Hospital Reduces High Cesarean Delivery Rate to Below Average
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine both recognize cesarean deliveries can save lives, but they advise vaginal deliveries for most pregnancies because the risk is lower than that of cesarean deliveries. The cesarean delivery rate is considered a key indicator of quality and patient safety. Leapfrog reported the average cesarean rate nationwide in 2018 was 26.1%, although the organization set a target of 23.9%.