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The fatality rates for hospital-associated pneumonia in general, and of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in particular, are high. For hospital-associated pneumonia, attributable mortality rates of 20% to 33% have been reported, according to the draft pneumonia prevention guideline by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
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Ventilator-related deaths and injuries often are caused by multiple system failures, especially in the ICU, according to a recent report from the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.
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This article reviews multiple aspects of heart failure, providing direction for workup and management of heart failure patients. All recommendations follow current published guidelines. Unresolved and controversial issues are reviewed, and future therapies are proposed.
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FDA Issues Black Box Warning Based on WHI Study; ALLHAT: Thiazide for Hypertension Treatment; Candesartan Effective Against Migraines; Cough! No Cold Relief from Echinacea; COX-2 Inhibitors and GI Benefits Could Be Overrated; FDA Actions;
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Pravastatin given for 3 years reduced the risk of coronary disease in elderly individuals. The PROSPER study therefore extends to elderly individuals the treatment strategy currently used in middle aged people.
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The FDA has approved cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion for the treatment of dry eyes due to keratoconjuctivitis sicca (KCS) and associated reduced tear production. Cyclosporine is an immunomodulating agent that increases tear production in patients with KCS.
