Neurology
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Disease-Modifying Therapy and Long-Term Disability in Multiple Sclerosis
In a multicenter, observational, retrospective “real world” analysis of a large cohort of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, the authors found that being on disease-modifying therapy decreased the risk of long-term disability progression in both pediatric and adult MS patients.
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Multiple Sclerosis and Vascular Disease
This postmortem study of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients evaluated the presence and pathological significance of extracranial systemic and cerebral small vessel disease in patients with MS compared to healthy controls. MS patients had less systemic vascular disease and more small vessel disease in the brain compared to controls.
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Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: A Genome-Wide Association Study
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (sCJD), the most common form of human prion disease, is characterized as a rapidly fatal neurodegenerative process caused by propagation of a transmissible misfolded prion protein gene (PRNP). However, selective PRNP mutations only account for a small subset of sCJD cases, leading to interest in discovering additional genetic risk factors. Through a two-stage study design using genome-wide association studies, the authors have identified two novel risk loci, STX6 and GAL3ST1, which encode for proteins involved in cellular trafficking of prions and sphingolipid metabolism, respectively. These findings provide insights into sCJD pathogenesis and are an avenue for further research.
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Big Data Look at Optic Neuritis
In this population-based study of 11 million people in the United Kingdom, the incidence of optic neuritis was 3.7/100,000 person years, and was stable over the time period 1995-2019. The 10-year risk of developing multiple sclerosis in this population was 28.2%.
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Air Pollution and Cognitive Decline
SYNOPSIS: In this large prospective cohort study of subjects in Manhattan, researchers demonstrated an association between exposure to air pollution and decline in cognitive function over time in one cohort, but not the other.
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Veterans with PTSD, TBI at Much Higher Risk for Heart Attack
Such patients also more likely to experience first attack at a younger age than the general population.
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Remdesivir Injection (Veklury)
Remdesivir’s benefit appears to be modest, but may be better for those receiving low-flow oxygen.
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Can Chopsticks Carry SARS-CoV-2?
This small study suggests salivary contamination of utensils with SARS-CoV-2 virus can occur. Sharing food and utensils, or using communal food bowls, probably is not a good idea if one is trying to avoid COVID-19.
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Possible Aerosol Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in an Apartment Building
Although not definitive, evidence is consistent with aerosol spread of SARS-CoV-2 in an apartment building as a result of transport through the drainage system to apartments directly above.
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A Novel Rifabutin-Containing Combination Regimen Eradicates H. pylori Infection
Researchers found a significantly higher eradication rate for H. pylori with a 14-day regimen of rifabutin, amoxicillin, and omeprazole compared to 14 days of amoxicillin and omeprazole.