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Maintaining INRs (International normalized ratios) between 2 and 3 is safer than INRs below 2, as suggested by some guidelines.
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Researchers from Sweden performed a meta-analysis of 9 randomized, controlled trials that looked at the effectiveness of atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension.
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Influenza virus first was isolated from chickens suffering from fowl plague in 1901 a subtype we now call H7N7. In 1931, an influenza virus closely related to the virus that caused the Great Pandemic of 1918 was identified in swine. The first influenza B virus was isolated in 1940, and the first influenza C virus in 1947. The ability to isolate these viruses and grow them in embryonated eggs eventually led to the ability to develop and test influenza vaccines and antiviral medications, as well as to perform careful seasonal surveillance.
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This prospective, randomized trial evaluated the role of early percutaneous tracheostomy in critically ill adults projected to require more than 14 days of mechanical ventilation. They found significant reductions in ICU length of stay, the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and mortality.
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This cost-effectiveness analysis based on available published data suggests that the routine use of maximum sterile barriers for central venous line insertion would reduce the incidence of line-related infections and save both money and lives.
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This issue is the second installment of a two-part series on evaluation and management of sexual assault in the emergency department. Part I of the series covered initial ED care, physical exam, and evidence collection. This issue will cover laboratory analysis, pharmacotherapy, disposition, follow-up, documentation, and court testimony.