Neurology
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Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir Tablets (Paxlovid)
The FDA has issued an emergency use authorization for the first oral regimen for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Incidence, Prevalence, and Long-Term Consequences of Small Fiber Neuropathy
Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) associated with diabetes and other causes is more likely to progress to large-fiber polyneuropathy, deteriorate faster, and cause worse disability vs. slow progression with idiopathic SFN.
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Coronary CT Angiography in the General Population
Coronary artery CT angiography in asymptomatic, middle-aged subjects without known coronary artery disease showed coronary atherosclerosis is common but mostly mild and appears in women after a 10-year delay.
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Fish Consumption, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease
Is there enough scientific evidence to suggest associations between fish consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease (or of mortality) among people who consume fish vs. those who do not?
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Drinking More Coffee May Protect Against Cognitive Decline
Among adults older than age 60 years, heavier coffee consumption was associated with slower cognitive decline in executive function and less beta-amyloid accumulation.
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Neuropathological Variability of NMDAR-Encephalitis
The neuropathological features of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-encephalitis are described in an autopsy cohort of four patients — two diagnosed in life with comorbid brain disorders, and two diagnosed at autopsy and never treated. The two untreated patients had inflammatory infiltrates composed of perivascular and parenchymal T cells and B cells/plasma cells in the basal ganglia, amygdala, and hippocampus. The two treated patients had variable pathologies that reflected their underlying neurological disorders (lymphoproliferative disease and multiple sclerosis). Overall, the topographic distribution of inflammation in patients with NMDAR-encephalitis reflects the clinical symptoms of movement disorders, abnormal behavior, and memory dysfunction with inflammation predominantly observed in the basal ganglia, amygdala, and hippocampus. Loss of NMDAR-immunoreactivity correlated with disease severity.
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Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Stable CIDP: Stop or Taper?
First-line therapy for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), but the timing and method for withdrawal of this treatment are uncertain. In a retrospective review of stable patients on IVIG, investigators at the National Hospital in London observed that there was no significant difference in the likelihood of deterioration or response to retreatment if IVIG was stopped abruptly or tapered slowly.
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Neuropathological Findings in the Brains of Patients Who Died from COVID-19
In an autopsy study of 41 patients who died from COVID-19 in a single medical center in New York City, most of the brain pathology was the result of hypoxic-ischemic injury, infarction, and hemorrhage, with microglial activation and neuronophagia caused by inflammation. Studies for the presence of viral proteins were negative, and very low levels of viral ribonucleic acid were detected.
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Thalamic Stroke and Sleep Impairment: An Experiment of Nature
In a detailed clinical and electrophysiological study of sleep patterns in 12 patients with thalamic stroke, comparing them with 11 patients who had extrathalamic stroke, the investigators identified a marked decrease in slow wave sleep activity in the group with thalamic stroke. The clinical significance of this finding is uncertain but may have an effect on daytime cognitive performance.
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Researchers Can Remove Recruitment Barriers in Alzheimer’s Trials
What can be consolidated, made simpler, or translated? What data can be collected outside your research setting? How can you communicate better with prospective and current research participants?