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Trauma continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Accidental death remained the fifth most common cause of death for all ages in 2009. Thoracic injuries reportedly have been involved in up to 75% of all deaths related to trauma and may be directly responsible in up to 25% of these deaths.
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Vaccination has dramatically reduced the number of cases of chickenpox, measles, polio, mumps, and pertussis treated in primary care settings. Antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis has reduced the number of cases of rheumatic fever. As a result, there are generations of physicians who have never encountered patients with these diseases. These diseases are often relegated to the historical section of general medical textbooks. However, recent isolated outbreaks in adults as well as children have brought these diseases back into the forefront for primary care providers.
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It has been well recognized that a peak in stroke onset occurs during the early morning hours. This possible circadian periodicity is not well understood, and may in part represent stroke onset earlier during the night that goes unrecognized until the patient arouses.
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In nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, rivaroxaban was noninferior to warfarin for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism. However, an intention-to-treat analysis did not show superiority of rivaroxaban over warfarin.
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For many patients with moderate- severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute exacerbations (AECOPD) are highly problematic.
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Both urgency and bladder pain can lead to nocturia in patients with interstitial cystitis.
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A kinase inhibitor for late-stage melanoma and its companion diagnostic test have been approved by the FDA.