Neurology Alert
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Lower Risk of Parkinson’s Disease After Vagotomy: Implications for Spread of Pathology
Truncal vagotomy was associated with a reduced risk for Parkinson’s disease with a hazard ratio of 0.58 for those with more than 20 years’ follow-up. This suggests the vagus nerve as a possible route of entry into the central nervous system for this neurodegenerative process.
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Potential Imaging Biomarkers of SUDEP: Can We Predict Sudden Death in Epilepsy?
The authors retrospectively conducted a voxel-based analysis of T1 MRI scans to compare gray matter volumes in 12 cases of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) acquired at a median of 2 years before death with patients at high or low risk for SUDEP and with healthy controls, and demonstrated significant anatomical differences between the groups.
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Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia — Responses to Treatment
This study analyzed patients diagnosed with antibody-mediated paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia, and treatment benefit was seen predominantly in the non-paraneoplastic group.
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Biomarkers of Intrathecal Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Disorders
A study of intrathecal immune markers in neuro-immunological diseases revealed increased numbers of activated T and B cells in both relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis, but they were preferentially embedded in the brain tissue in progressive multiple sclerosis.
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau and Amyloid-ß1-42 in Patients with Dementia
In patients with clinically diagnosed dementia, the CSF biomarker profile of low CSF amyloid-ß1-42, high total tau, and high phosphorylated tau was seen in the majority of patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease. Substantial proportions of patients with non-Alzheimer’s dementia were also found to have the Alzheimer’s disease pathological profile. The value of CSF biomarker measurements in clinical practice is uncertain.
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Vitamin D and Diabetic Neuropathy
Vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate the clinical manifestations of diabetic neuropathy, and supplementation with vitamin D3 may be beneficial.
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The Expanding Role of Tau in Neurodegeneration: New Insights from Huntington’s Disease
Although Huntington’s disease is due to a triplet repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, this study demonstrates abnormally phosphorylated tau pathology in Huntington’s disease brain tissue.
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Small Fiber Neuropathy in Critical Illness
The spectrum of critical illness polyneuropathy may include painful, small-fiber degeneration that can be readily diagnosed by punch skin-biopsy.
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Rate and Predictors of Futile Hospital Transfers for Acute Stroke Endovascular Therapy
A large number of futile transfers take place for consideration of endovascular therapy, and better selection criteria need to be developed.
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Circadian Rhythms Predict Small Vessel Ischemic Disease
The presence of white matter infarcts and cerebral microbleeds is associated with disruption of sleep but not total sleep time.