Neurology Alert
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Do Miller Fisher Syndrome, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and Bickerstaff Encephalitis Overlap?
All three of these syndromes — Miller Fisher, Guillain-Barré, and Bickerstaff encephalitis — occur following an acute gastrointestinal infection, with many cases of overlap syndromes, and deficits may progress during the first few days of illness.
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Treatment of Glioblastoma in Elderly Patients
In a retrospective cohort study of elderly patients with glioblastoma, overall survival was superior with combined-modality therapy (radiation and chemotherapy) compared with chemotherapy alone or radiation alone.
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Demyelinating Neuropathies in Children
Electrodiagnostic criteria using nerve conduction velocities are useful to distinguish most hereditary neuropathies from acquired neuropathies in children.
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Mechanisms of Tissue Hypoxia and Cerebral Ischemia in Traumatic Brain Injury
Tissue hypoxia after traumatic brain injury occurs in a widespread manner in the brain, including areas that appear structurally normal. Moreover, cerebral tissue hypoxia appears to occur independent of ischemia with areas of no overlap, implying a microvascular etiology.
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Sleep Disorders Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury
Patients with traumatic brain injuries need longer sleep times to heal the injured brain, and persistent pleiosomnia at 18 months implies that ongoing abnormalities are producing an increased need for sleep.
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Eating Behavior in Frontotemporal Dementias
In a prospective, controlled study of 49 patients with dementia and 25 healthy controls, marked hyperphagia is restricted to behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia patients that is likely due to differing neural networks, while increased sucrose preference is likely controlled by a similar network in both behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia patients.
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Migraine with Aura and Systemic Right-to-Left Shunt: Risk for Stroke?
Right-to-left shunts, as detected by transcranial Doppler, are more common in patients with migraine with aura, but are not correlated with increased risk of silent posterior circulation infarcts or white matter lesions on MRI.
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Leigh Syndrome: Insights and Implications from Advances in Next-generation Sequencing
Leigh syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. The application of next-generation sequencing has enabled a deeper understanding of the diverse nature of the genetic and molecular etiologies that give rise to the shared clinical phenotype of Leigh syndrome.
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Differentiating Sarcoidosis from Neuromyelitis Optic in Patients with Transverse Myelitis
Based on a retrospective analysis of 71 patients with an neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (n = 37) or sarcoidosis (n = 34), whose initial presentation was longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (≥ 3 vertebral segments), the authors report clinical, radiologic, and laboratory findings that help distinguish one from the other.
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Everything You Want To Know, and More
Carpal tunnel syndrome can be reliably diagnosed, only with nerve conduction studies, and this test should be performed before any invasive treatments are initiated.