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It would be fair to say that nearly all formal clinical research begins before it is even recognized as such. Observant clinicians note patterns, or what appear to be patterns, in those they treat.
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Death by suicide is a significant occupational hazard for physicians. This is strongly associated with professional burnout, which is characterized by a loss of emotional, mental, and physical energy due to continued job-related stress. Studies have identified three factors that are independently associated with burnout for both surgeons and internal medicine physicians hours worked per week, experiencing a work/home conflict within the last three weeks, and how the most recent work/home conflict was resolved.
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The oral administration of 500,000 IU cholecalciferol in fall or winter resulted in a slightly higher risk of falls and fractures vs placebo in 2,256 community-dwelling women aged 70 and above.
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In a lengthy intervention trial, antibiotic prophylaxis against recurrent urinary tract infections in premenopausal women was more effective than a cranberry extract; however, development of antibiotic resistance was significant.
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The term "reiki" (pronounced "ray-key") comes from two Japanese words, rei, meaning universal spirit, and ki, meaning life energy. Therapies based on this non-physical, vibrational life energy are known as biofield therapies, which include therapeutic touch and healing touch.
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Drowning is defined as asphyxia or suffocation from submersion/immersion in a liquid medium.
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Adding gabapentin to valacyclovir early in the treatment of acute herpes zoster may reduce the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia.