Internal Medicine
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Galactagogues in Breastfeeding: A Review of the Available Evidence
This is a review of the research that has gone into nearly a dozen common galactagogues. An examination of the available randomized, controlled trials and review papers reveals a lack of high-quality research but also offers recommendations to help breastfeeding parents.
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Cancer Death Rate for Black Americans Declines, Remains Higher Than That of Other Groups
Rapid declines in deaths from lung and stomach cancers parallels rise in mortality from uterine and liver cancers.
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Myositis as a Cause of Unexplained Dysphagia
A stepwise diagnostic algorithm was developed to identify potentially treatable idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in patients presenting with isolated unexplained dysphagia.
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What Is the Right Dose of Immunoglobulin to Treat CIDP?
In this comparative trial of different doses of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, higher doses appeared to result in a higher percentage of patients who improved. However, there was no control group and there were many confounding issues that make it difficult to reach a definitive conclusion around optimal dosing.
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Intensive Blood Pressure Control May Augment Cerebral Blood Flow
Patients with hypertension were randomized to intensive vs. standard blood pressure control and underwent baseline and follow-up cerebral perfusion imaging. Intensive blood pressure treatment was associated with improved cerebral perfusion over time.
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Polygenic Associations of Chronic Axonal Polyneuropathy
In most cases of chronic axonal polyneuropathy, no specific cause is found. Using a polygenic risk score for potential risk factors, based on whole genome sequencing, these investigators identified multiple significant risk factors, including diabetes, body mass index, alcohol intake, and vitamin B12 level.
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Use of Serum Biomarkers in Determining Prognosis After Cardiac Arrest
Used in conjunction with the clinical exam and brain imaging, serum biomarkers, such as neurofilament light, can help refine the prognostication for patients who have experienced severe anoxic/ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest.
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Need a Pig Heart? Beware Porcine Cytomegalovirus
The first recipient of a transplanted pig heart died with evidence of infection with a porcine cytomegalovirus.
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Human Papillomavirus Infections: We Need to Improve Vaccination Rates
The prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and their sequelae remain high, although this is a problem that is preventable with available vaccines.
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HPV Vaccination in Adolescence Prevents Cancer More than 10 Years Later
The authors of this long-term follow-up study of three cluster-randomized trials of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination evaluated cancer protection over up to 11 years of follow-up. During this time, 17 HPV-positive cancers were identified in the unvaccinated group, and zero were identified in the vaccinated group, indicating 100% vaccine efficacy at preventing HPV-associated cancers.