Internal Medicine
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Intestinal Fibrosis and Immune Reconstitution in Patients with HIV Infection
Duodenal biopsies in patients naïve to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) underwent tissue staining and were examined. Intestinal myofibroblast activation was correlated with intestinal fibrotic changes and poor immune reconstitution following cART.
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Idarucizumab: A Promising New Drug that Reverses the Anticoagulant Effects of Dabigatran
Several new oral anticoagulants are changing the approach to anticoagulation for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary emboli.
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Chagas — Multifaceted Approach Needed
Prolonged recurrent exposure to Trypanosoma cruzi leads to an increased risk of inflammatory cardiomyopathy, but to decreased congenital transmission of T. cruzi. As housing and vector control improve, concurrent attention to early treatment is needed in order to reduce both cardiomyopathy and congenital infection.
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Optimal Duration of Anticoagulation for Unprovoked Pulmonary Embolism
The PADIS-PE study is a randomized, double-blind trial of adult patients with a first episode of unprovoked PE that seeks to better define the appropriate duration of therapy.
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Procalcitonin and Differentiating Bacterial from Viral Meningitis
ABSTRACT & COMMENTARY: A meta-analysis found an elevated serum procalcitonin to be an accurate test. Details inside.
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Oral Nutritional Supplementation for Hospitalized COPD Patients Pays Off
<>In contrast to many of the other top 10 causes of death in the United States, COPD deaths are increasing, such that COPD is now the third most common cause of death. Although a variety of pharmacologic interventions are available to improve symptoms and decrease exacerbations, none has been shown to reduce mortality. -
Tighter Blood Pressure Control Post-Intracranial Hemorrhage May Decrease Recurrence
Fifty percent of stroke-related morbidity and mortality are related to intracerebral hemorrhage.
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National Practice Patterns and Outcomes of Tracheostomy Placement in the United States
Tracheostomy use rose over the last two decades until 2008 in the United States and was associated with an increase in discharge to long-term care facilities with a concomitant decrease in hospital length of stay and hospital mortality.
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Should High-flow Oxygen Therapy Change Our Approach to Managing Acute Respiratory Failure?
Managing acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with high-flow nasal cannula significantly reduced intubation rates compared to standard oxygen (O2) mask delivery and non-invasive ventilation among patients whose arterial O2 tension to inspired O2 fraction ratio (PaO2/FiO2) was < 200.
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Achieving Successful Rehabilitation in the ICU
Clinicians should consider ICU-acquired weakness in almost every critically ill patient who is ventilated.