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Evidence suggests that Erythropoietin acts by stimulating neuroprotective pathways, including the protein kinase B cascade and the transcription factor nuclear factor-kB pathway, to activate antiapoptotic and antioxidant factors.
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Leflunomides immunomodulatory activity derives from its action as a competitive inhibitor of the rate-limiting enzyme necessary for pyrimidine synthesis.
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Sources of funding for pharmaceutical research has come under scrutiny in the last decade as academic and government sources of funding have become increasingly scarce and the pharmaceutical industry has become the main source of research dollars. But the issue of objectivity has been raised, and some have even suggested that negative studies, that is studies that show a drug in an unfavorable light, may never be published. The American Medical Association has recently tackled this issue.
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In an observational study, enabled by a powerful drug-dispensing record linkage system, statin use among a large number of patients treated with cardiovascular drugs was associated with a 20% reduction in incipient cancer diagnosis over a 7-year period.
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Patients treated with spironolactone and ACE inhibitors for congestive heart failure have a markedly increased risk of hyperkalemia.
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At this time, BNP seems to be a useful initial test that should not be repeated during short hospital stays.
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This is the latest of several important publications by Dr. Fullerton and her colleagues, at The University of California at San Francisco, describing details of the epidemiology of pediatric stroke during the last 2 decades of the 20th century.