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In 1936 Selye noted that rats exposed to stressors had enlarged adrenal glands. In the late 1940s, Kendall and Reichstein isolated cortisone as the active principle of the adrenal glands. In more recent years our understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis has grown immensely.
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Anti-ganglioside peripheral nerve antibodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) include GM1, asialo-GM1, GQ1b, GD1a, and GT1a. GM1 is associated with pure motor GBS and with the acute motor axonal variant of GBS. GM1b is also associated with GBS, but often its role in the disease is obscured by the concomitant presence of GM1. The role of GM1b in the absence of GM1 remains to be defined.
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Hypertension is a major risk factor for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This and other risk factors for atherosclerosis are not merely issues for middle and late age.
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This is a study that examined levels of nitrotyrosine, a specific marker for protein modifications produced by nitric oxide-derived oxidants.
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Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are present at birth.
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This is an elegant study, which examined whether sinovenous obstruction may play a role in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).
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The Women's Health Initiatives (WHI) was halted 1 year ago, but fallout from this landmark study continues. The study was designed to identify the risks or benefits of estrogen plus progesterone vs placebo in healthy postmenopausal women.
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Filippi and colleagues performed conventional brain MRIs and whole-brain N-acetylaspartate (WBNAA) measurements with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 31 patients presenting with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS).
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In this original study, 500 consecutive pediatric referrals for neurologic consultation were assessed to determine what influence, if any, was played by the history, neurologic examination, and investigations, with respect to final diagnosis and patient management.