Internal Medicine
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Air Pollution and Cognitive Decline
In this large prospective cohort study of subjects in Manhattan, researchers demonstrated an association between exposure to air pollution and decline in cognitive function over time in one cohort, but not the other.
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Improve Diet to Put Out the GERD Fire
The authors estimated nearly 40% of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms that occur at least weekly can be prevented through a modification of lifestyle factors.
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Biden Administration Takes First Steps Against COVID-19
The new president signed a series of executive actions to accelerate nation’s pandemic response.
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Clinical and Genetic Characterizations to Diagnose Sarcoglycanopathies
Sarcoglycanopathies, caused by various genetic mutations, may cause limb-girdle forms of muscular dystrophy early in life. Although there are no specific treatments for these disorders at this time, the clinical and genetic characterizations will assist in more precise diagnosis that will be critical to develop new molecular-based therapies.
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Prednisone vs. Placebo in Short-Term Prevention of Episodic Cluster Headaches
Prednisone, given at 100 mg for five days and then tapering by 20 mg every three days, is a safe and effective short-term prevention for episodic cluster headaches while waiting for longer-acting preventive agents to be initiated.
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Cognitive Benefit of Rivastigmine in Parkinson’s Disease Dementia with Orthostatic Hypotension
Individuals with Parkinson’s disease dementia and orthostatic hypotension (OH) have more robust cognitive improvement from rivastigmine compared to those without OH. This greater response possibly is mediated by the anti-OH effect of rivastigmine.
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Deficits in Neurotransmitters and Behavioral Disturbances in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
In subjects with a syndrome associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration, gamma aminobutyric acid and glutamate deficiency in the right inferior frontal gyrus was associated with greater degrees of impulsivity.
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Focused Ultrasound in Parkinson’s Disease: Going Beyond Tremor
In this randomized controlled trial, patients with asymmetric Parkinson’s disease were assigned to noninvasive, focused ultrasound-mediated subthalamotomy or sham procedure. The authors reported improved motor function in the focused ultrasound group, with adverse events including weakness, dyskinesia, and gait disturbances.
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Time-Restricted Eating, Weight Loss, and Metabolism
A randomized clinical trial comparing time-restricted eating with a 16-hour fasting interval to a structured three-meal-per-day control group resulted in equivalent weight loss in both groups and no reduction in metabolic markers in either group.
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From Childhood to Adolescence: Metabolic Disturbance Risk Factors
An innovative statistical model examining the development of metabolic disturbances in a large sample of youths finds that having media in a bedroom (associated with higher risk) and belonging to a sports club (associated with lower risk) are among the modifiable risk factors in this population.