Infectious Disease
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Avian Influenza A(H5N1) — From Birds to Cows to Human Infection
The spread of influenza H5N1 in dairy cows with documentation of a human infection raises pandemic concern.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
The Burden of Clostridioides difficile Infection; The Globe May Be Warming, but People Are Cooler; Methotrexate for Chikungunya Arthritis
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Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir in High-Risk Vaccinated and Low-Risk Unvaccinated Participants: The EPIC-SR Trial
In this Phase II-III randomized controlled clinical trial (EPIC-SR), nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was not associated with a significant difference in time to alleviation of symptoms nor COVID-19-related hospitalization or death from any cause as compared with placebo in unvaccinated individuals without risk factors for severe disease or in vaccinated individuals with a least one risk factor for severe disease.
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Meningococcal Disease Is on the Rise
The number of cases of infection with Neisseria meningitidis is increasing in the United States. The majority of presentations are with bacteremia; meningitis is infrequent.
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Predicting Outcomes of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause hearing loss and neurologic deficits, but most affected newborns escape without sequelae. New data suggest a good prognosis if the mother’s infection was after the first trimester and if the newborn has normal hearing, a normal platelet count, and a normal head ultrasound exam.
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Inappropriate Diagnosis of Pneumonia Is Common in Hospitalized Patients
A cohort study that included 48 hospitals in Michigan found that 12% of patients treated for community-acquired pneumonia were diagnosed inappropriately. Older age, dementia, and presenting with acute change in mental status increased the risk for misdiagnosis.
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Measles: Identify Potential Cases, Move Swiftly to Prevent Exposures
In just the first three months of this year, there were already more confirmed measles cases in the United States than in all of 2023, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
The Gut Biome and Social Determinants of Health: A Factor in C. diff Infection?
Pre-Op Screening for SARS-CoV-2 Is Not Cost Effective
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Acanthamoeba Infection and Nasal Rinsing
This study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reviewed 10 cases of patients with a history of nasal rinsing who developed Acanthamoeba infection.
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Infections, Including Endocarditis, Due to Non-Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Evidence indicates increasingly frequent recovery of non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in wound cultures, along with further recognition of endocarditis caused by this organism.