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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a significant risk of cardiovascular disease and reduced survival. Vitamin D supplementation improved survival, especially in patients with documented deficiency.
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The authors concluded that systematically obtaining family history identifies more subjects with high CV risk who may benefit from more aggressive preventive interventions.
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In a prospective study of nearly 5000 postmenopausal women, it was determined that it would take 16.8 years to develop osteoporosis in 10% of women with normal bone mineral density. The authors conclude that repeat screening in women without new risk factors can be delayed for at least 15 years.
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Within a few years after the initiation of diagnostic X-rays, toxic effects were noted, including increased risk for skin cancer, leukemia, dermatitis, and cataracts. In this early period, doses of X-ray, especially from fluoroscopy, were high. Protective devices for patients as well as persons occupationally exposed to diagnostic radiation demonstrably reduced such adverse consequences.
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One of the unintended consequences of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) performance measures for CAP was that clinicians often started antibiotics too quickly in patients without infection. Subsequently, the requirement that antibiotics be initiated within 6 hours of patient presentation was retired as of January 1, 2012.
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In the first report (Newland et al), a quasi-experimental study with a control group (also known as a nonrandomized, postintervention design) was performed from 20042010 to determine the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) implemented in March, 2008 in a tertiary care children's hospital that was based on prospective-audit-with-feedback.
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There are very little data on antibiotic stewardship in LTCF. This work (Jump et al.) came from a Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) demonstration project at the Cleveland VA Medical Center. The LID was a LTCF Infectious Disease team that provided on site consultations.
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A remarkably large number of presentations at IDWeek held in San Diego October 17-21, 2012, dealt directly with issues of antimicrobial stewardship. These included aspects such as documenting the frequency of inappropriate antibiotic use in various settings together with descriptions of successful interventions.
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