Infectious Disease
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Warning: Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection During Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Prior to initiation of hepatitis C virus treatment with direct-acting antivirals, patients should be screened for hepatitis B virus coinfection. Those who are hepatitis B virus-infected should receive ongoing monitoring for flares and reactivation of hepatitis B.
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HPV Vaccines: Why Are We Failing to Vaccinate so Many of Our Adolescents?
Barriers to HPV vaccination are multiple.
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Raccoon Roundworm Infection Associated with Central Nervous System and Ocular Disease
During a two-year period, six cases of neural Baylisascaris larva migrans and one case of ocular larva migrans were identified by case report forms and serologic testing submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All patients survived, but some were left with severe neurologic sequelae.
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Reported Beta-lactam Allergy Is Associated with More Adverse Events Among Inpatients
A prospective cohort study from three hospitals determined that patients who did not receive a preferred beta-lactam antibiotic were at greater risk for an adverse event (adjusted odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-7.89) compared to controls without a beta-lactam allergy.
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Adding Azithromycin to Standard Prophylaxis in Non-Elective Cesarean Sections?
Adding intravenous azithromycin to “routine” cephalosporin prophylaxis prior to non-elective cesarean section delivery significantly reduces the risk of postpartum endometritis and wound infection.
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Clinical Briefs
In this section: improving CPAP adherence; drug therapy for type 2 diabetes; and correcting inhaler techniques.
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Aspirin and Omeprazole Delayed-release Tablets (Yosprala)
The combination is indicated for patients who require aspirin for secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and who are at risk of aspirin-associated gastric ulcers.
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Headaches in the Elderly: A Non-specific Marker for Stroke Risk
Non-migrainous headaches, for which there are many causes, appear to be a risk factor for stroke in an elderly population, but the mechanism is uncertain.
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The Growing Threat of Pyelonephritis Caused by Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli
In patients with acute pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli presenting to one of 10 EDs, the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance ranged from 6.3% to 19.9%, and the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production was 2.6% to 12.2%.
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Effects of Aspirin on Risk of Early Recurrent Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke
Aspirin administered early after the onset of transient ischemic attack symptoms substantially reduces the risk of developing a stroke.