Infectious Disease
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Adult Immunizations — 2017 Changes
Significant changes in recommendations for adult immunization for 2017 have been made or influenza, meningococcal infection, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis B.
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Listeria Monocytogenes: Maternal-fetal Infection, Bacteremia, and Meningoencephalitis
Infection with Listeria monocytogenes in pregnancy is associated with frequent fetal loss. In others, bacteremia and central nervous system infections are associated with significant mortality.
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Antibiotic Treatment in Community-acquired Pneumonia
In patients with newly diagnosed community-acquired pneumonia, basing the duration of antibiotic treatment on clinical stability criteria led to a significant reduction in duration of antibiotic treatment without an increased risk of adverse outcomes.
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Does Tonsillectomy Decrease Throat Infections?
For children with recurrent throat infections, tonsillectomy leads to fewer throat infections and less school absence during the first post-operative year (as compared to similar children who did not undergo tonsillectomy). However, beneficial effects of surgery do not persist over time.
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Inflammation in HIV Also Is Mediated by CD8+ T-cells and Platelets
CX3CR1+ CD8+ T-cells home to vascular endothelium and are enriched in ART-treated patients with HIV. These cells may play an important role in CVD risk in HIV-infected patients.
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Vancomycin Combined with Piperacillin-Tazobactam Increases the Risk for Acute Kidney Injury
A retrospective cohort study found an increased risk of acute kidney injury for patients who received vancomycin in combination with piperacillin-tazobactam compared to those who received vancomycin plus cefepime (hazard ratio = 4.27; 95% confidence interval, 2.73-6.68).
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Fatal Infection Resistant to All Antibiotics
Last August a female patient in an acute care hospital in Reno, NV, died of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae that was resistant to 26 antibiotics. The pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae that was isolated from a wound specimen. Of note, the patient had recently been hospitalized in India, and the specific enzyme conferring pan resistance was first discovered in that country: New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase.
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MRSA Screening Has Collateral Benefits
Lead author Martin E. Evans, MD, an infectious disease physician at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, reports that infection rates fell 80% percent in non-ICUs, and 81% percent in spinal cord injury units.
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Wanted: The Next Generation of Infection Preventionists
A national survey of 4,078 infection preventionists shows that the field is approaching a demographic cliff, as 41.6% of respondents were age 56 years or older.
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Will SHEA Drop Flu Shot Mandate of HCWs?
“Given the assault on science that we are likely to see over the next four years in the U.S., SHEA must lead by ensuring that all of its recommendations are solidly based in evidence and that expectations for compliance with interventions correlate with the strength of the evidence,” notes Michael Edmond, MD, clinical professor of internal medicine and infectious diseases at the University of Iowa in Iowa City. “Just as we must defend vaccines from false claims of adverse effects, we must also truthfully acknowledge their limitations and shape our policy on science not opinion.”