Infectious Disease Topics
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Does Finding the Portal of Entry of Bacteria in Infective Endocarditis Matter?
A comprehensive, systematic search for the portal of bacterial entry in infective endocarditis is frequently successful and affords an opportunity to prevent recurrent episodes.
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Oral Rehydration for Children with Mild Gastroenteritis
In a randomized study of children 6 to 60 months of age with acute gastroenteritis accompanied by mild vomiting and/or diarrhea with mild or no dehydration, initial oral rehydration with half-strength apple juice/preferred fluids resulted in fewer treatment failures than with electrolyte maintenance solution. In high-income countries, dilute apple juice/preferred fluids may be an acceptable alternative to commercial electrolyte maintenance solutions for childhood mild gastroenteritis with minimal dehydration.
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The Seasonality of Childhood Respiratory Infections
Human metapneumovirus infection is increasingly recognized in children. Epidemiologic review suggests that it becomes common each winter after the onset of the respiratory syncytial virus “season” and then continues to cause frequent illness until the spring.
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HLH Gene Mutations and Fatal Influenza
Sixteen patients with fatal influenza who underwent autopsy were studied. Thirteen patients (81%) had histopathologic evidence of hemophagocytosis. Five patients (36%) carried one of three heterozygous LYST or PRF1 mutations associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome.
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Think Twice About That Fluoroquinolone Prescription
The FDA warns that serious side effects associated with fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs generally outweigh the benefits for certain patients.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
TB Quant Problematic in Leprosy; Trapping Flu Particles; An Old Scourge Revisited: Congenital Syphilis
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Tenofovir Alafenamide vs. Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
The FDA has approved a new prodrug of tenofovir. Tenofovir alafenamide has replaced the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate component of two commonly used drug combinations for HIV-1 infection.
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Malaria in the United States
The number of reported cases of malaria in the United States in 2013 increased slightly over the previous year, while the 10 reported deaths were the most since 2001.
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Urban Yellow Fever in Angola: Lessons from a Large Outbreak
A large urban outbreak of yellow fever in Angola illustrates the obstacles to rapid control of this vaccine-preventable disease.
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Adverse Fetal Outcomes of Dengue During Pregnancy
During pregnancy, dengue infection, especially with symptomatic illness, is associated with increased risks of miscarriage, stillbirth, and low birthweight.