Infectious Disease Topics
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Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir in High-Risk Vaccinated and Low-Risk Unvaccinated Participants: The EPIC-SR Trial
In this Phase II-III randomized controlled clinical trial (EPIC-SR), nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was not associated with a significant difference in time to alleviation of symptoms nor COVID-19-related hospitalization or death from any cause as compared with placebo in unvaccinated individuals without risk factors for severe disease or in vaccinated individuals with a least one risk factor for severe disease.
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Meningococcal Disease Is on the Rise
The number of cases of infection with Neisseria meningitidis is increasing in the United States. The majority of presentations are with bacteremia; meningitis is infrequent.
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Predicting Outcomes of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause hearing loss and neurologic deficits, but most affected newborns escape without sequelae. New data suggest a good prognosis if the mother’s infection was after the first trimester and if the newborn has normal hearing, a normal platelet count, and a normal head ultrasound exam.
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Inappropriate Diagnosis of Pneumonia Is Common in Hospitalized Patients
A cohort study that included 48 hospitals in Michigan found that 12% of patients treated for community-acquired pneumonia were diagnosed inappropriately. Older age, dementia, and presenting with acute change in mental status increased the risk for misdiagnosis.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
The Gut Biome and Social Determinants of Health: A Factor in C. diff Infection?
Pre-Op Screening for SARS-CoV-2 Is Not Cost Effective
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Acanthamoeba Infection and Nasal Rinsing
This study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reviewed 10 cases of patients with a history of nasal rinsing who developed Acanthamoeba infection.
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Infections, Including Endocarditis, Due to Non-Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Evidence indicates increasingly frequent recovery of non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in wound cultures, along with further recognition of endocarditis caused by this organism.
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Fusarium Meningitis
The presentation, management, and course of 13 patients in Texas with meningitis due to Fusarium solani occurring after spinal epidural anesthesia in Mexico are presented. At least nine have died despite multiple interventions.
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Cryptococcosis After COVID-19: An Emerging Threat
A survey initiated by the Mycoses Study Group identified 69 cases of cryptococcosis following COVID-19 infection. The mortality rate was 59%, with cases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals.
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Preoperative Urine Culture Testing and the Risk of Infection in Noncardiac, Nonurological Surgical Patients
In this retrospective cohort study of patients at United States Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers who underwent major elective, noncardiac, nonurological surgeries, preoperative urine culture testing was not associated with a significant decrease in postoperative incidence of urinary tract infections or surgical site infections.