Infectious Disease Topics
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Should Acute Appendicitis Be Managed Without Appendectomy?
A retrospective cohort study that used national insurance claims data found patients with acute appendicitis who were treated nonsurgically had higher rates of complications and higher overall cost of care.
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Is Sanitizer Better Than Soap?
In day care settings, the implementation of hand hygiene programs reduced respiratory illness, absenteeism, and antibiotic use in children 0 to 3 years of age. Using hand sanitizer was more effective than washing with soap and water.
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Delafloxacin (Baxdela®)
Delafloxacin is a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in June 2017 for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Metagenomics for Prosthetic Joint Infection; Helicobacter pylori: A Mini Primer
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Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle
When the Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle was used to identify patients with severe sepsis or patients in septic shock, delays in lactate measurements for patients with abnormal lactate levels were associated with delayed initiation of antibiotic therapy and increased mortality.
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Healthcare-associated Infections — Better, But Not There Yet
One-day prevalence studies demonstrated that there has been a 16% reduction in the risk of healthcare-associated infections from 2011 to 2015.
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Oral Linezolid for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Investigators evaluated 135 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in a prospective cohort study comparing early switch to oral linezolid to continued treatment with standard parenteral therapy (SPT). Patients with complicated SAB and osteoarticular infection were excluded. Early switch to oral therapy yielded similar outcomes to continued SPT and allowed earlier hospital discharge.
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Factors Associated With Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria
A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study from southern and eastern Europe identified predictive factors for multidrug-resistant complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), which included male sex, cUTI acquisition in a healthcare facility, presence of a Foley catheter, having a UTI in the previous year, and receiving an antibiotic in the preceding 30 days.
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Blastomycosis (But Not That Blastomycosis) in the Western United States
Blastomycosis occurs in western Canada and in the United States well outside the known endemic area, but it is due to Blastomyces helicus, not Blastomyces dermatitidis.
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Optimal Treatment of Vivax Malaria
In glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-sufficient individuals in Southeast Asia, combined treatment with chloroquine and primaquine provides much more lasting relief from vivax malaria than either chloroquine alone or artesunate.