Infectious Disease Topics
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Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole Plus Clindamycin for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis
A before-and-after intervention study compared 170 patients treated with either oxacillin IV or vancomycin IV for six weeks (plus gentamicin IV given during the first five days) to 171 patients who were treated with TMP/SMZ IV plus clindamycin IV for the first week followed by TMP/SMZ PO (without clindamycin) to complete a six-week course. Mortality and hospital length of stay were significantly less in the TMP/SMZ-treated patients.
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Checkpoint Inhibitors: The First Effective Therapy for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy?
Enhancing the immune response with checkpoint inhibitors may be beneficial in the management of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a viral disease previously recalcitrant to therapy.
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Significance of Pyuria in Children With Neurogenic Bladder
Pyuria is common in asymptomatic children with neurogenic bladders, especially after bladder surgery. The simple presence of pyuria does not necessarily indicate a need for antibiotic treatment.
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Babesiosis — Increase in Reported Cases in the United States
The number of cases reported to the CDC from 2011-2015 has increased and there is concern about expansion of the areas in which it is transmitted.
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Isavuconazole vs. Caspofungin for Candidemia
In a large, randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial, researchers found that isavuconazole did not meet the primary endpoint of noninferiority compared to caspofungin for candidemia and invasive candidiasis.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Changing Herpes Zoster Risk in Adults; Trends in Herpes Zoster Risk Among Children
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A Maternal Antibody Protects Infants From Severe Malaria
Transplacental antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum Schizont Egress Antigen-1 may protect infants from severe malarial infection during the first year of life. This new knowledge about these antibodies potentially can inform vaccine development.
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Mechanism of Persistence of Moraxella catarrhalis in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
This study examines the mechanism that allows Moraxella catarrhalis to persist in some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Infective Endocarditis Prevalence in Dutch Patients With Positive Blood Cultures
Data from a nationwide registry in Denmark from 2010 to 2017 showed that patients with Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia had the highest prevalence of infective endocarditis (16.7%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (10.1%) and Streptococcus spp. (7.3%).
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Travel Medicine 2019 — A Conference Report
The International Society of Travel Medicine met in Washington, DC, from June 5-9.