Infectious Disease Topics
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Dengue Is Surging, Including in the Americas
Dengue is surging, and cases have been acquired in the United States, including in Puerto Rico and Florida.
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Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Administered via Prolonged Infusions Lead to Lower Mortality Risk Compared to Intermittent Infusions
In a systematic review and meta-analysis, the administration of beta-lactam antibiotics by prolonged infusions was associated with a significantly reduced risk of mortality at 90 days for critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock as compared with intermittent infusions.
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Doxycycline for Onchocerciasis-Related Epilepsy?
Nodding syndrome is a form of pediatric encephalopathy with epilepsy that is associated with Onchocerca volvulus infection in children in Africa. While the pathogenesis is not known, doxycycline helps reduce severe seizures and death in children with nodding syndrome.
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Antibiotic De-Escalation Can Decrease the Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria
A retrospective cohort study found that de-escalation of broad-spectrum beta-lactam agents in patients with sepsis significantly reduced the subsequent development of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical cultures.
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Doxycycline After Sex
Single-dose doxycycline is recommended after oral, vaginal, or anal sex in selected high-risk individuals.
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Cefepime and Enmetazobactam Injection (Exblifep)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the combination of cefepime and enmetazobactam (FPE) for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs).
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Summer Travel: News Clinicians (and Their Patients) Can Use
New science can guide us as we and our patients travel this season. Now, Infectious Disease Alert briefly reviews 13 new and in-press papers from the two main travel medicine journals.
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Does Paxlovid Help in Patients with Long COVID?
Paxlovid treatment of adults with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection — also known as long COVID — was ineffective in a randomized controlled trial.
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Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Isavuconazole or Voriconazole?
An analysis of two retrospective cohort studies of solid organ transplant recipients with invasive aspergillosis found that isavuconazole and voriconazole had similar efficacy, but isavuconazole was better tolerated.
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Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Respiratory Infections?
In June 2024, the Endocrine Society released new evidence-based guidelines suggesting that all children up to 18 years of age should receive vitamin D supplements, both to prevent rickets and to prevent respiratory tract infections. However, careful review of the data suggests that widespread implementation of this recommendation might not be warranted in North America.