Infectious Disease Topics
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Quantifying the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in the United States
In the United States, the rate of symptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to contacts was only 0.45%, but was 10.5% in household contacts; there were tertiary symptomatic transmissions. However, since only symptomatic individuals underwent testing, the actual overall rate of transmission with or without resultant symptomatic illness is likely to be higher.
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Pharmacotherapy Considerations for COVID-19
This article provides a brief summary of selected pharmacotherapy options proposed for COVID-19.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Step-Wise Interventions for Hospital-Onset Clostridioides difficile
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Cefiderocol (Fetroja)
Cefiderocol is a novel siderophore cephalosporin with a wide spectrum of activity against difficult-to-treat gram-negative organisms for which there currently are limited treatment options.
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Temperature Trajectories to Find Sepsis Subphenotypes
The authors of this study used development and validation cohorts to retrospectively identify temperature trajectories over the first 72 hours from presentation in the setting of sepsis. Patients presenting with hyperthermia that resolved quickly (within the first 24 hours) had lower mortality compared to those with slow resolution or those presenting with hypothermia.
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Candida auris Resistant to Azole Antifungals, Amphotericin B, and Echinocandins
Infection with Candida auris resistant to azole antifungals, amphotericin B, and echinocandins was identified in three patients in New York. Resistance to echinocandins was first detected after the patients had received an echinocandin as treatment.
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The Safety and Effectiveness of Pyrethroid Insecticides as the Battle Against Mosquitoes Continues
There is a statistical association between having a urine test suggestive of exposure to pyrethroid insecticides and increased mortality over the subsequent 14 years.
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors Reduce Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Clinically Suspected or Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza A
A meta-analysis that included more than 18,000 patients from 70 clinical centers in 36 countries found that neuraminidase inhibitors started at the beginning of hospitalization in patients with clinically suspected or laboratory-confirmed influenza A reduced the length of hospitalization by 19%.
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WHO International Emergency: A Great Wall Around China?
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019-nCoV outbreak in China a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on Jan. 30, 2020. In doing so, WHO emphasized that China should not be isolated from the global community, which can happen after a PHEIC is issued.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Lyme Carditis: Any AV Block of Concern; Syphilis Screening in Pregnancy a Must; Deferring INH Until Postpartum in HIV-Positive Women