Infectious Disease Topics
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Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
A study that compared nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, remdesivir, or a combination of both for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 found those who received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir monotherapy had lower mortality, reduced intensive care unit admission, and reduced need for mechanical ventilation.
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Pink Eye: Do Antibiotics Matter?
Acute infectious conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, is common in children and is caused by bacteria more often than by viruses. Nonetheless, neither the clinical course of uncomplicated cases nor the spread of infection to peers is significantly altered by treatment with topical antibiotics or by exclusion of infected children from daycare and school settings.
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Infectious Disease Updates
ID: An Arbiter of Death? Preventing Recurrent UTI with Probiotics
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Pediatric Pneumonia, Diagnostic Uncertainty, and Communication
Community-acquired pneumonia is a common cause of hospitalization among children in resourced countries and is the leading cause of childhood death in lower-income countries. However, the diagnosis of pneumonia is fraught with uncertainty, and management practices vary widely. Clinician behaviors and attributes that engender trust in the face of diagnostic uncertainty have been documented.
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Diagnostic Uncertainty in Community-Acquired Pneumonia
A national retrospective cohort study from the Veterans Administration found a high rate of diagnostic discordance for patients admitted and discharged for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Improvement in the diagnosis of CAP is needed.
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Mucormycosis Remains Highly Lethal
Mucormycosis continues to be associated with a high mortality rate. Polymerase chain reaction may speed diagnosis and allow earlier initiation of therapy. There appears to be no evidence supporting the use of combination as opposed to single agent (liposomal amphotericin B) therapy.
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Outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease in Rwanda
A rising number of cases of Marburg virus disease, which is caused by one of the most virulent human pathogens, have been reported in Rwanda. Marburg virus infections in humans are rare but can present with a rapidly progressive febrile illness that can lead to multi-organ failure and shock with case-fatality rates of up to 80% to 90%.
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Infectious Disease Updates
Managing Neurosyphilis; Combatting the Resurgence of Syphilis
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Does Semaglutide Protect Against Adverse Effects from COVID-19?
Semaglutide recipients who developed COVID-19 had significant protection against the occurrence of adverse outcomes, including death.
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Twice-Yearly Subcutaneous Lenacapavir Injection Prevents HIV Infection
Subcutaneous injection of lenacapavir every 26 weeks had 100% efficacy in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a high-risk population.