Infectious Disease Topics
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Optimism for New Interventions to Prevent Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Previous vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus infection in children caused more harm than good. However, new vaccines and preventive monoclonal antibody treatments are nearing final stages of prelicensure testing.
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Successful Post-Discharge Completion of Fidaxomicin Therapy Without Financial Toxicity
Post-discharge completion of fidaxomicin therapy was achieved for most patients with multidisciplinary proactive intervention.
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Active Cancer and Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Is Associated with Less Risk for Infective Endocarditis
A multicenter cohort study found patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) and active cancer were at a lower risk for infective endocarditis (IE) than those with SAB without cancer. Persistent bacteremia and cardiomyopathy were independent risk factors for IE.
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COVID-19 Vaccination Prevents Systemic Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C)
The estimated effectiveness of two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in the prevention of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children was 91%.
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COVID-19 Vaccination Is Life-Saving
This study confirms the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing severe outcomes between the end of 2020 and October 2021 (i.e., pre-omicron). Age, immunosuppression, and chronic disease were independent risk factors. In contrast to previous studies largely involving unvaccinated individuals, male sex and race/ethnicity were not.
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Treatment of Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria with Intravenous Artesunate
A prospective nationwide study in France found intravenous artesunate use was rapidly adopted by clinicians and was safe and highly effective in the treatment of severe malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum.
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Malassezia restricta as a Cause of Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis
The authors of a retrospective study from France used DNA detection methods to assess the microbial etiologies of 16 cases of culture-negative infective endocarditis. They identified three cases of Malassezia restricta, a yeast considered a member of the human skin microbiota. Notably, serologic testing cross-reacted between M. restricta and Candida albicans.
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Mumps in Vaccinated Children
Recent mumps outbreaks in the United States have involved vaccinated individuals without international travel. The genotype of the mumps virus circulating in North America and Europe is different than that of the virus used to manufacture the attenuated vaccine used in the United States.
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Fluvoxamine Reduces the Risk for Hospitalization from COVID-19
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial found fluvoxamine (100 mg twice a day for 10 days) reduced the risk for hospitalization among high-risk outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Melioidosis in the United States
Four cases of melioidosis in four states occurred and at least one was traced to a contaminated commercial aromatherapy product.