Infectious Disease Alert
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Listeria Monocytogenes: Maternal-fetal Infection, Bacteremia, and Meningoencephalitis
Infection with Listeria monocytogenes in pregnancy is associated with frequent fetal loss. In others, bacteremia and central nervous system infections are associated with significant mortality.
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Antibiotic Treatment in Community-acquired Pneumonia
In patients with newly diagnosed community-acquired pneumonia, basing the duration of antibiotic treatment on clinical stability criteria led to a significant reduction in duration of antibiotic treatment without an increased risk of adverse outcomes.
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Does Tonsillectomy Decrease Throat Infections?
For children with recurrent throat infections, tonsillectomy leads to fewer throat infections and less school absence during the first post-operative year (as compared to similar children who did not undergo tonsillectomy). However, beneficial effects of surgery do not persist over time.
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Inflammation in HIV Also Is Mediated by CD8+ T-cells and Platelets
CX3CR1+ CD8+ T-cells home to vascular endothelium and are enriched in ART-treated patients with HIV. These cells may play an important role in CVD risk in HIV-infected patients.
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Vancomycin Combined with Piperacillin-Tazobactam Increases the Risk for Acute Kidney Injury
A retrospective cohort study found an increased risk of acute kidney injury for patients who received vancomycin in combination with piperacillin-tazobactam compared to those who received vancomycin plus cefepime (hazard ratio = 4.27; 95% confidence interval, 2.73-6.68).
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Discharge Antibiotic Prescriptions Often Are Inappropriate with Regard to Choice, Dose, Duration
Seventy percent of discharge antibiotic prescriptions are inappropriate.
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Bezlotoxumab Injection (Zinplava)
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Flu in Pregnancy: Increased Inflammation Demonstrated
In pregnant women, monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exhibit an exaggerated proinflammatory immune response to influenza A virus compared to nonpregnant women.
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Ventilator-associated Pneumonia with Minimal Ventilatory Requirements — Discontinuing Antibiotics After Three Days
Discontinuation of empiric antibiotic therapy given for treatment of presumed ventilator-associated pneumonia can be discontinued safely after three days in patients with minimal ventilator requirements.
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Decreasing Malaria Mortality in Africa
Malaria mortality in Africa has decreased by approximately 57% during the past 15 years, but some areas still have low level use of bed nets, low coverage with antimalarial medication, and higher death rates due to malaria. At the same time, anti-malarial measures are still important for individuals traveling to endemic areas.