Infectious Disease Alert
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Childhood Diseases Associated with Antibiotic Exposure During Infancy
A population-based cohort study showed that exposure to antibiotics during the first two years of life is associated with increased rates of subsequently developing asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, celiac disease, and obesity.
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Elevated Procalcitonin Is Associated with Increased Mortality in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
A single-center, prospective, observational study found that an elevated procalcitonin level was associated with an increased risk of death in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Duration of Viable SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Immunocompromised COVID-19 Patients
Significantly immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 may shed cultivatable virus for as long as two months or more after symptom onset.
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Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir, or Interferon Beta-1a
None of the four drugs studied was superior to placebo.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Fatal ESBL Infection from Fecal Microbiota Transplant; Second Joint Infection When One Prosthetic Gets Infected?
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Predictors of Therapy Outcomes for Cryptococcal Meningitis: Failure of In Vitro Susceptibility Testing, Success of Early Fungicidal Activity
Although in vitro susceptibility testing failed to have value in predicting therapeutic outcome in patients with cryptococcal meningitis, detection of a rapid decline in fungal density in cerebrospinal fluid was associated with improved outcomes in a separate study.
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Antibiotics for Traveler’s Diarrhea
International travel carries a risk of colonization by antimicrobial-resistant intestinal flora. The use of a quinolone, but not a macrolide, during travel further increases the risk of acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
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Voriconazole vs. Itraconazole for Treatment of Histoplasmosis
A retrospective cohort study found that patients treated with voriconazole had increased mortality during the first 42 days after the start of treatment compared to patients who received itraconazole.
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Does MRSA Nares Colonization Predict Non-Respiratory MRSA Infections?
Nares screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has a high negative predictive value to rule out MRSA infections at various sites.
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Virtual Visits and Antibiotic Prescribing
Compared to in-person visits, virtual visits were associated with improved antibiotic prescribing practices for women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections.