Infectious Disease
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Infectious Disease Updates
MDRO Colonization Increases Risk of Infection; Peri-Operative Ertapenem; Whole-Genome Sequencing Shows Negligible Transmission of Clostridioides difficile in the ICU
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Noninferiority of Seven vs. 14 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Bloodstream Infections
In this multinational, noninferiority trial that included more than 3,600 hospitalized patients with bloodstream infections from various pathogens and infectious syndromes, seven days of antibiotic therapy was noninferior to 14 days with respect to death from any cause by 90 days. Patients were excluded if they had severe immunosuppression or foci requiring prolonged treatment, or if their blood cultures yielded Staphylococcus aureus or possible contaminants. Various secondary outcomes were similar between the two groups.
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Parvovirus and Increasing Danger in Pregnancy and Sickle Cell Disease
The incidence of human parvovirus B19 infection is increasing in the United States, putting vulnerable groups at risk of serious complications.
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Oseltamivir for Adults Hospitalized with Influenza: Earlier Is Better
A multicenter observational study on adults hospitalized with influenza found that initiation of oseltamivir on the day of admission reduced the risk of disease progression, including pulmonary and extra-pulmonary organ failure and death.
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Usefulness of Pyuria to Diagnose UTI in Children
Of 4,188 children aged 1 to 36 months screened for urinary tract infection (UTI) in emergency departments, 407 (9.7%) had a culture-positive UTI. Pyuria (by various means of assessment) was not present in 20% of febrile children with a UTI, raising questions about the validity of using pyuria as a necessary component or as a tool for the diagnosis of UTI in young children.
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Artemisinin-Resistant Malaria in Uganda
Partial resistance to artesunate was seen in 11% of young children hospitalized with complicated malaria, mostly due to the Pfkelch13 A675V genetic variation. Affected children demonstrated delayed initial parasite clearance and then suboptimal efficacy 28 days following initiation of treatment with parenteral artesunate followed by oral artemether-lumefantrine.
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Infectious Disease Updates
Is Your Hospital Bed Contaminated? The Surgical Skin Prep Debate Thickens
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Outpatient CAP Treatment in Adults: Narrower Spectrum Therapy Is Better Tolerated
Examination of a large database led to the conclusion that treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in outpatients with narrower-spectrum agents (macrolides or doxycycline) was associated with similar clinical outcomes but with a lower incidence of adverse effects when compared to broader-spectrum therapy.
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Parasites and Poverty in the South
Parasite contamination of soil remains prevalent in some areas of the southern United States.
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Aztreonam-Avibactam vs. Meropenem for Serious Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
In this multinational, prospective, Phase III, randomized trial, aztreonam-avibactam was found to be a safe and effective option, when compared to meropenem with or without colistin, for treating complicated intra-abdominal infections, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and ventilator-acquired pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria.