This is a two-part article on the treatment of massive hemorrhage, which is something that can be seen in any emergency department, small or large, rural or urban. There have been recent changes in the use of blood and adjuvant therapies, in part from our military advances. These articles will review the current recommendations for massive transfusion. Part II of the article will review adjunct therapies, scoring systems, and complications of massive transfusion.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a potential cause of fever in the pediatric patient. Early testing and a timely diagnosis are critical to avert complications and potential scarring of the kidneys. Complication rates in children younger than 90 days of age are 7% and include bacteremia, meningitis, and urosepsis, although a well-appearing infant with a CRP of < 4 mg/dL is significantly less likely to develop complications. The authors present a concise review of the current status of the diagnosis and management of pediatric UTIs.
Influenza is possibly the most widespread and well known of infectious diseases. Seasonal epidemics can be found on all continents, and no age segment of the population is untouched.
