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Undifferentiated shock in trauma should be assumed to be hemorrhagic until proven otherwise. Hemorrhage represents 30-40% of mortality from trauma and may require significant volume to resuscitate.
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Concussion and mild traumatic brain injury have a risk of serious short- and long-term sequelae.
Concussion is a trauma-induced alteration in mental status, which does not necessarily involve loss of consciousness.
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Ascites, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy and bacterial infections are common complications experienced by patients with cirrhosis. Traditionally, when a cirrhotic patient experiences one of these complications and develops worsening liver function, he or she is diagnosed with acute on chronic liver failure.
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In an earlier study of early decompressive hemicraniectomy for large middle cerebral artery strokes, the same investigators demonstrated reduced mortality without increasing the risk of very severe disability among patients ≤ 60 years of age.
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After pelvic floor reconstructive surgery, antibiotic prophylaxis with daily nitrofurantoin during postoperative catheterization does not decrease risk of urinary tract infection.
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This was a retrospective cohort study from Quebec and Ontario, Canada, examining patients ≥ 65 years of age admitted to a hospital with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) between 1998 and 2007.
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Recent controversy has erupted concerning the use of prophylactic beta-blockers in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing non-cardiac surgery.
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After caring for patients with Clostridium difficile infection, nearly 25% of health care workers were found to have hand contamination with C. difficile spores.
