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In a meta-analysis of current observational (both case-control and prospective cohort) studies evaluating the potential association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the incidence of hematological malignancy, an increased risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia was demonstrated as well as a trend toward an increased risk for myeloma. Confounding factors such as age, obesity, smoking, and alcohol (risks for both diabetes and malignancy) could not be completely accounted for in such an analysis.
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Azithromycin and cardiac risk; warfarin and heart failure; aspirin and VTE; effectiveness of long-acting contraceptives; and FDA actions.
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This randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 clinical trial showed that the majority of patients treated with pegfilgrastim experience bone pain, and that taking 500 mg of naproxen twice a day decreases its incidence and severity.
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A 64-year-old commercial airline pilot was seen by his primary physician because of a bothersome, non-productive cough. He has a history of asthma but requires no medications other than occasional albuterol inhalation. Physical examination was unremarkable, as were the complete blood count and chest x-ray.
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By a systematic review of observational (case-control and cohort) studies, data regarding aspirin use and cancer risk were compared to data obtained from randomized clinical trials. In general, there was very good correlation regarding reduced risk for several types of cancer and the development of metastatic disease. The analysis provides confidence that observational studies can be of value in addressing the many outstanding questions regarding aspirin and cancer prevention.
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In a large retrospective series, 2051 men with clinically localized prostate cancer received definitive radiation therapy (RT) alone. The rates of aspirin use and statin use were 36% and 34%, respectively. The primary endpoint was IBF (interval to biochemical failure) of < 18 months.
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Long-term follow-up of Lynch syndrome patients who completed 2 years of treatment (aspirin or placebo) on the CAPP2 colorectal cancer prevention trial revealed a significant reduction in colorectal cancer development. This was the first large-scale colon cancer prevention trial using aspirin as an intervention. Implications for the prevention of sporadic colon cancer remain conjectural, however tempting it is to extrapolate these findings to the general adult population.
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In a prospective trial conducted from 2004-2010, 21 patients (median age 65 years) with a clinical complete response after chemoradiotherapy were followed closely per a stringent wait-and-see policy consisting of MRI, endosopies, and CT scans. These patients were compared to 20 patients prospectively who underwent surgery and were found to have a pathologic complete response.
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This randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter Phase 3 trial compared axitinib with sorafenib as second-line therapy for metastatic renal clear-cell cancer. The results showed that axitinib extended progression-free survival by 2 months more than sorafenib (6.7 months vs 4.7 months), and had a superior objective response rate (19.4% vs 9.4%).
