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Squirrels as the Source of a New Viral Cause of Encephalitis
Evidence indicates that a newly discovered bornavirus caused infection in squirrels and was transmitted from them to three humans who developed encephalitis and died.
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Scrub Typhus and the Brain
Scrub typhus infections involve the nervous system in a majority of cases and should be suspected in patients who live in, or are returning from, endemic regions with a compatible clinical syndrome.
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Decreasing Cross-Transmission of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae
A bundled infection control intervention was shown to decrease cross-colonization, prevalence, and bloodstream infection of Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in long-term acute care hospitals, which may have far-reaching effects into the ICU.
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GAD Antibody Syndromes: When to Dig Deeper
This retrospective case series identifies the clinical and immunologic features of GAD antibody-positive patients who should be screened for an underlying cancer.
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When Profiling Is a Good Thing: Distinguishing Bacterial from Viral Infection
Transcriptional analysis outperformed serum procalcitonin in distinguishing viral from bacterial infections.
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Does Bacteremia Associated with Bone and Joint Infections Require Prolonged IV Antibiotic Therapy?
Two hundred sixty-five children with culture-proven acute bone or joint infections were studied. All patients received 2-4 days of IV antibiotics followed by PO antibiotics. Clinical outcomes and resolution of inflammatory biomarkers were the same whether the patient had positive blood cultures or not on admission.
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BCG — Back to the Future?
In a population-based study, neonatal vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guérin significantly reduced rates of hospitalization for non-tuberculous respiratory infection and sepsis. BCG vaccine might provide significant protection through nonspecific immune enhancement.
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Polio — New Strategies as We Get Close to Eradication
The switch to a bivalent live attenuated oral polio vaccine by elimination of serotype 2 will be coordinated with the use of trivalent inactivated vaccine. The goal is to eliminate outbreaks of polio due to vaccine serotype 2, the major cause of such events.
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Antibiotics for Acute Appendicitis
ABSTRACT & COMMENTARY: Of those who needed surgery after treatment with antibiotics, the risk for complications was low.
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Statin Use and Cognitive Effects: Not a Brain Drain
Despite earlier concerns by the FDA about adverse effects of statins on cognitive functioning, a meta-analysis of data from more than 28,000 patients enrolled in 18 randomized, placebo-controlled trials of statin therapy failed to show a causal relationship between treatment and adverse neurocognitive effects for patients with and without cognitive impairment.