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Antibiotics, Breastfeeding, and the Intestinal Microbiota
Breastfeeding is associated with less frequent bacterial infections and with less subsequent obesity. Using antibiotics reduces or removes these favorable effects of breastfeeding, perhaps via alterations in the intestinal microbiota.
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Guideline Update: Adults with Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
The most notable new recommendation of the updated hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia guideline may be its endorsement of limiting the duration of antibiotic therapy to seven days in most cases.
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Varicella Zoster Virus and Granulomatous Arteritis
Varicella zoster virus antigen was identified in 11 of 11 aortas with pathologically verified granulomatous arteritis and in only five of 18 control aortas from surgical or autopsy specimens.
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PCOS and Hormonal Contraception: A Tale of Two Syndromes?
Emerging evidence supports that two metabolic phenotypes exist among women with PCOS. For metabolically healthy PCOS patients, managing menstrual symptoms, anovulation and androgen excess with COCs provides a simple and well-tolerated treatment regimen. In contrast, PCOS patients with metabolic syndrome are at high risk for type 2 diabetes, and COC use may contribute to hyperinsulinemia, adverse lipid changes, and endothelial changes associated with adverse cardiovascular risk. The use of a levonorgestrel intrauterine device combined with spironolactone (to manage hyperandrogenism) and metformin (to manage hyperinsulinism) may offer advantages to metabolically unhealthy PCOS patients.
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Oligohydramnios: How to Best Diagnose It and What It Really Means
A multicenter randomized, clinical trial involving large numbers of patients has shown that using the maximal vertical pocket instead of the amniotic fluid index to detect oligohydramnios more than halves the amount of inductions for the diagnosis of oligohydramnios without affecting the overall outcome.
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Genetic Testing: Who Should Be Tested and What Should They Be Tested For?
Genetic testing has changed rapidly over the past three years, so to prevent cancer, it is critical that obstetricians-gynecologists take a complete family history, identify women at risk, and make appropriate referrals for genetic counseling with potential testing to prevent cancer.
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Is an Even Safer Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill Available?
ABSTRACT & COMMENTARY: New study has many advantages, including ascertainment of important confounding variables.
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Clinical Briefs
In this section: debunking an asthma treatment; more questions than answers with perioperative statin treatment; and another reason to stay away from cocaine.
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Lixisenatide Injection (Adlyxin)
Lixisenatide is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Appears More Effective Than Single Therapy
It appears short-term dual antiplatelet therapy is superior to prolonged treatment, but a difference in outcome must be confirmed by further well-designed randomized, clinical trials.