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REPROVE: Ceftazidime-avibactam vs. Meropenem in Hospital-acquired Pneumonia
Ceftazidime-avibactam therapy was non-inferior to meropenem treatment in a double-blind, randomized trial that included patients with nosocomial pneumonia, including those with ventilator-associated pneumonia.
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Updated Recommendations for Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
New recommendations for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection focus on testing and management of newborns.
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Pneumococcus, Sickle Cell Disease, Vaccination, and Penicillin
Even in the era of newborn screening, pneumococcal vaccination, and penicillin prophylaxis, children with sickle cell disease continue to be at risk of morbidity and mortality from invasive pneumococcal disease, mostly from non-vaccine serotypes.
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Letermovir Prophylaxis Is Effective in Preventing Cytomegalovirus Infection After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
A Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled superiority trial that included patients 18 years of age or older undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation found that prophylaxis with letermovir resulted in significantly lower risk for cytomegalovirus infection in the first 24 weeks than placebo. Safety and adverse events were similar between letermovir and placebo.
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Adverse Reactions to Antibiotics in Patients Receiving Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy
Approximately one-fifth of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy recipients developed a clinically significant antimicrobial-related adverse drug event.
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Serum Tau as a Reliable Biomarker of Outcome After Cardiac Arrest
Currently, there are no reliable and readily available biomarkers to assist in determining prognosis for neurological recovery after cardiac arrest, but serum tau measurements hold promise for the future.
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Pain in Anti-MAG Neuropathy
Most patients with anti-MAG neuropathy complain of painful paresthesias or dysesthesias, but unlike diabetic neuropathy, these symptoms are not severe and do not affect quality of life as much as motor weakness.
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Myasthenia Gravis, MuSK, and Pregnancy
Myasthenia gravis increases both maternal and fetal complications and mortality during pregnancy, but the MuSK-antibody variant appears less morbid, based on this small retrospective series of 17 patients.
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Functional Imaging Studies in Parkinson’s Disease
A meta-analysis of 142 studies demonstrated that functional imaging studies in Parkinson’s disease using tracers for aromatic acid decarboxylase showed smaller defects compared to those using tracers targeting dopamine transport and VMAT2. Symptom severity correlated linearly with dopamine neuron loss as determined by these imaging studies.
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Targeting Hypersensitive Corticostriatal Terminals to Treat Restless Legs Syndrome
SYNOPSIS: Based on this innovative study using optogenetic microdialysis, the mechanisms underlying restless legs syndrome include dopamine-mediated hypersensitivity of corticostriatal neurons to glutamate release.