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HIV Prevention Strategies in Africa
Several strategies have proven effective in reducing transmission of HIV, including access to confidential testing and counseling, early introduction of HIV medications, and male circumcision. Three new studies show what actually affects the spread of HIV in populations, and results vary between different African settings.
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Mycobacterium chimaera Granulomatous Encephalitis
Lau and colleagues describe a novel infectious problem — diffuse granulomatous encephalitis due to Mycobacterium chimaera infection occurring after cardiac surgery.
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Prophylactic Antibiotics Significantly Reduce the Risk of Infection Following Operative Vaginal Delivery
In a multicenter, randomized clinical trial, researchers found that a single dose of intravenous amoxicillin/clavulanic acid significantly reduced the risk of infection following operative vaginal birth (forceps or vacuum extraction) compared to placebo (180 of 1,619 [11%] vs. 306 of 1,606 [19%], respectively; P < 0.0001).
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No Antibiotic Prescription Required
Acquisition of antibiotics without a prescription can be easy in the United States.
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When Did You Last Take an Antibiotic?
Approximately half of U.S. residents with health insurance filled an antibiotic prescription over a two-year period.
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Glucagon Nasal Powder (Baqsimi)
Glucagon nasal powder is indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in patients (≥ 4 years of age) with diabetes.
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Do Defibrillators Improve Mortality in Dialysis Patients?
In patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 35% undergoing dialysis, the insertion of a prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator carries a relatively high risk for adverse events and does not significantly decrease sudden cardiac death or mortality.
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Lower Systolic Blood Pressure Associated With Increased Mortality in Systolic Heart Failure Patients
Systolic blood pressure less than 130 mmHg was associated with increased mortality in a Medicare population with systolic heart failure.
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More Experience Leads to Better Outcomes With MitraClip
In this analysis of MitraClip procedures from the Transcatheter Valve Therapy registry, the authors demonstrated improvements in procedure success and safety with increasing institutional experience with the device.
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Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis Risk Factors
A large, prospective observational study of echocardiography in all patients with Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia showed a high incidence of infective endocarditis.