Clinical
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Cavum Septum Pellucidum and Cavum Vergae: Markers of Chronic Brain Injury?
A cohort study assessing participants from the Professional Fighters Brain Health Study found that the presence of cavum septum pellucidum and cavum vergae is associated with lower regional brain volumes and lower cognitive performance.
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Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Treatment of Autoimmune Epilepsies
Patients with LGI1 and CASPR2 IgG-associated autoimmune epilepsy were identified and randomized to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) vs. placebo. The authors hypothesized that IVIG would show superiority over placebo, with a primary endpoint of 50% or greater seizure reduction.
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Rituximab for the Treatment of MOG and AQP4 Antibody Diseases
Based on an observational prospective study of 16 patients with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG) disease and 29 anti-aquaporin-4 disease, the authors report lesser efficacy of rituximab in anti-MOG patients, characterized by higher occurrence of relapses in the anti-MOG group, even while the biological effect of rituximab on memory B-cell suppression was sustained.
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Neurofilament Light Correlates With Postoperative Delirium Severity
Measurement of postoperative plasma neurofilament light protein (NfL) in plasma appears to have a dose-dependent correlation with delirium severity, independent of inflammation. This observation provides evidence of neuronal injury from delirium.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Step-Wise Interventions for Hospital-Onset Clostridioides difficile
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Cefiderocol (Fetroja)
Cefiderocol is a novel siderophore cephalosporin with a wide spectrum of activity against difficult-to-treat gram-negative organisms for which there currently are limited treatment options.
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Temperature Trajectories to Find Sepsis Subphenotypes
The authors of this study used development and validation cohorts to retrospectively identify temperature trajectories over the first 72 hours from presentation in the setting of sepsis. Patients presenting with hyperthermia that resolved quickly (within the first 24 hours) had lower mortality compared to those with slow resolution or those presenting with hypothermia.
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Candida auris Resistant to Azole Antifungals, Amphotericin B, and Echinocandins
Infection with Candida auris resistant to azole antifungals, amphotericin B, and echinocandins was identified in three patients in New York. Resistance to echinocandins was first detected after the patients had received an echinocandin as treatment.
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The Safety and Effectiveness of Pyrethroid Insecticides as the Battle Against Mosquitoes Continues
There is a statistical association between having a urine test suggestive of exposure to pyrethroid insecticides and increased mortality over the subsequent 14 years.
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors Reduce Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Clinically Suspected or Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza A
A meta-analysis that included more than 18,000 patients from 70 clinical centers in 36 countries found that neuraminidase inhibitors started at the beginning of hospitalization in patients with clinically suspected or laboratory-confirmed influenza A reduced the length of hospitalization by 19%.