Clinical
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A Review of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Knowing one’s human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status can help patients take steps to prevent transmission. Male and female condoms are options for preventing HIV during sexual intercourse. These products are widely available over the counter in retail stores and pharmacies and their use should be encouraged for preventing sexually transmitted infections. Yet, there is another option available, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), for patients to prevent HIV that many providers have not yet added to their armamentarium. This special feature will review the indications for PrEP, its use, and the medications recommended.
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Comparing Medications Used for Lactation Inhibition
A randomized controlled trial demonstrated superior efficacy of cabergoline compared to pyridoxine (78% vs. 35%; P < 0.001) at suppression of lactation seven days after delivery.
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How Common Is Cardiovascular Disease in Pregnant and Postpartum Women from Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Backgrounds?
Neighborhood-level socioeconomic inequities in early pregnancy were associated with higher risk of long-term cardiovascular disease in pregnant and postpartum women.
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Maternal Mortality in the United States Is Worse than in any Other High-Income Nation
This article compares U.S. maternal mortality to other nations and explores reasons why mortality in the United States is four to 10 times higher than in peer countries.
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Pivmecillinam Tablets (Pivya)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a new antibacterial for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in female adults.
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus or Influenza in Older Patients: Which Is Worse?
In individuals 75 years of age or older, respiratory syncytial virus infection was associated with more severe illness than was influenza virus infection.
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Avian Influenza A(H5N1) — From Birds to Cows to Human Infection
The spread of influenza H5N1 in dairy cows with documentation of a human infection raises pandemic concern.
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Is Weight Loss the Key to Heart Health?
The second trial of semaglutide in obese patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, this one in people with type 2 diabetes, also has shown significant improvements in symptoms and exercise function with significantly fewer adverse effects than placebo-treated patients.
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It Is Never Too Late: A Systematic Review of Lifestyle Interventions for Cognitive Preservation in the Oldest-Old
This systematic review reveals the importance of a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, along with regular leisure and physical activities, to maintain cognitive functioning in the oldest-old, individuals older than 80 years of age.
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Disorders of Immunity Are a Risk Factor for Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis
The current study of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis demonstrated an association of encephalitis with preexisting autoimmune disease and/or exposure to immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory medications. The findings underscore the potential underestimation of antecedent immune-related dysregulation in HSV encephalitis cases to date.