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Postmenopausal Estrogen May Prevent Death from COVID-19 Infection
Swedish researchers found taking postmenopausal estrogen was associated with a lower death rate from COVID-19 infection. Taking estrogen suppression therapy for breast cancer was associated with a higher death rate compared with controls.
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Sugar-Containing Beverages in Infancy and Liver Fat Accumulation at School Age
In this observational study, the authors examined the associations between sugar-containing beverage intake in infancy and liver fat accumulation and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among school-aged children.
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Can Antioxidant Consumption Prevent Coronary Artery Disease?
A study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that increase blood levels of diet-derived antioxidants in three large individual subject genetic databases did not demonstrate a relationship between SNPs and coronary artery disease.
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Recommendations Regarding Physical Activity to Delay Death
The authors of a large cohort study using objective measurement of exercise intensity reported potentially 110,000 U.S. deaths per year can be prevented by a 10-minute daily increase in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in adults ages 40-85 years.
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Neurodegeneration Biomarkers in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Complaints
In individuals with subjective cognitive decline, multiple biomarkers of neurodegeneration were found to add predictive values beyond amyloid and tau biomarkers; however, the various neurodegeneration biomarkers were not equivalent and should not be used interchangeably.
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Antibody Profile in Refractory Myasthenia Gravis
In retrospective studies of patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, those who are refractory to multiple treatments have disease onset at an earlier age, are more likely to have thymic pathology, and are more likely to be double-seronegative (neither acetylcholine receptor nor muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase antibodies).
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Outcomes of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Treated with IL-7
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by the reactivation of the JC virus. The authors of this study conducted a multi-centered retrospective observational study on 64 patients with PML who were treated with recombinant human IL-7 (RhIL-7). Overall, the one-year all-cause survival following start of RhIL-7 was 55% and similar among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, hematological malignancies, and primary immunodeficiencies.
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Does Amantadine Treatment Reduce Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias?
This retrospective cohort study compared the effect of amantadine on levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) onset with use of anticholinergics and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The authors concluded that early treatment with amantadine may delay LID onset more than treatment with other symptomatic agents.
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Cognitive Outcomes After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) may lead to adverse cognitive and neuropsychiatric outcomes. The pathways that lead to adverse cognitive outcomes remain to be scientifically elucidated. A prospective cohort study of 656 participants enrolled in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) study found that at one year, 13.5% of participants with mTBI had poor cognitive outcome compared to 4.5% of controls, highlighting the need for better understanding of the mechanisms leading to poor cognitive and functional outcomes after mTBIs and interventions to optimize cognitive recovery.
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Identifying Community-Acquired Pneumonia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Pneumonia is an infection of the alveoli of the lungs. Alveolar infection results in inflammation that disrupts normal pulmonary function, producing impaired gas exchange. Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Pathogens can infect the lung parenchyma through three routes: inhalation, aspiration, or hematogenous spread. In community-acquired pneumonia, the infection is initiated outside the hospital. The prevalence of COVID-19, the clinical disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has changed the landscape of pneumonia.