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Nalmefene Injection (Zurnal) and Intranasal Nalmefene HCl (Opvee)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the first nalmefene autoinjector for the emergency treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose. Nalmefene is an opioid antagonist and an analog of naltrexone. It was granted a priority review and accelerated approval with a breakthrough therapy designation. It is distributed by Purdue Pharma L.P. as Zurnal.
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A Review of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis is a tool for preventing HIV, especially among high-risk populations. Three medication options are available. Regular screening for HIV and sexually transmitted infections is required, and adherence is crucial for effectiveness. PrEP is underused but increasingly covered by insurance, offering an important preventive option in sexual healthcare.
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Clarifying the Risk of Aortic Aneurysm Development
A large, cross-sectional study of adults by aortic computed tomography angiography has shown that aortic aneurysms (AAs) are more frequent in men than women. While increasing age and body surface area were common risk factors for AA, hypertension was associated with thoracic AA, and hypercholesterolemia and smoking were risk factors for abdominal AA.
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Poor Diabetes Control Associated with Poorer Coronary Stent Outcomes
In this large, observational study of diabetic patients with coronary stents, poorer glycemic control as measured by hemoglobin A1c was associated with stepwise hazard for stent failure over a period of more than six years, primarily driven by in-stent restenosis.
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Does Semaglutide Protect Against Adverse Effects from COVID-19?
Semaglutide recipients who developed COVID-19 had significant protection against the occurrence of adverse outcomes, including death.
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Placenta Accreta Spectrum Among Patients Seeking Abortion
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in patients seeking abortions poses significant risks, especially for those with prior cesarean deliveries. PAS, often related to prior cesarean deliveries, increases abortion-related complications. Ultrasound is key for detection, but access to skilled care may be limited because of state-based abortion restrictions, leading to worse outcomes for affected patients.
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Antibiotic Choice for Preventing SSIs in Gynecologic Surgery
In a retrospective review of 3,087 patients undergoing hysterectomy or laparotomy for gynecologic surgery at a single institution who received cefazolin alone or a combination cefazolin and metronidazole for surgical prophylaxis, the combination resulted in a significantly lower surgical site infection rate (4.5% vs. 2.3%; P = 0.0115).
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Malpositioned IUDs: How Easy Are They to Remove?
In this retrospective cohort study of 436 malpositioned intrauterine devices (IUDs), of the 281 that underwent removal, 82% were removed on the first attempt and 73% were removed using only ring forceps. Most embedded and partially perforated IUDs also were removed using only ring forceps (59% and 67%, respectively).
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Using Deep Learning to Identify Fetal Head Position in Labor
An artificial intelligence (deep learning) model accurately detected fetal head position during the second stage of labor using transperineal ultrasound, but validation of the model on larger datasets and real-time patients before clinical use is important.
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Myocarditis in a Post-COVID World
Myocarditis is a rare, typically self-limited inflammatory condition of the heart. Interest in myocarditis has increased in recent years because of the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 vaccinations both being associated with its development. Paralleling this interest is an increase in misinformation about this condition, its frequency associated with both COVID-19 infection and vaccination, and potential linkage to sudden cardiac death. This review article will trace the history of myocarditis from the pre-COVID-19 era to the present day, with special attention being paid to how social media has driven a large portion of the discussion.