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Anticoagulation during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), although necessary to prevent thrombus formation on the interventional equipment, can lead to significant morbidity from bleeding complications, particularly if the dosage is excessive.
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Resistant hypertension, defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) that remains above goal despite treatment with at least three complementary antihypertensive agents of different classes at maximally tolerated doses, has become an increasingly common diagnosis in recent years.
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Beta-blockers have long been considered a cornerstone of therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).
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This was a retrospective cohort study from Quebec and Ontario, Canada, examining patients ≥ 65 years of age admitted to a hospital with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) between 1998 and 2007.
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Current guidelines recommend monotherapy with either beta-blockers or rate lowering calcium blockers for heart rate control in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (AF).
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Recent controversy has erupted concerning the use of prophylactic beta-blockers in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing non-cardiac surgery.
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The early ECGs are the mainstay of predicting the culprit coronary artery in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
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Coronary artery stents are implanted in the vast majority of coronary revascularization procedures, owing to improvements in both restenosis and acute vessel occlusion vs balloon angioplasty alone.
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It is believed that right ventricular (RV) performance in acute pulmonary embolism patients is of prognostic value, but specific RV function parameters are not agreed upon and there are little outcome data in this area.
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The optimal treatment for ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) is controversial and suffers from a lack of sufficient study data to build a consensus.