Cardiology
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Preventing Post-Extubation Respiratory Failure: Can We Decrease Risk in our High-Risk Populations?
A multicenter, randomized clinical trial of 641 adults deemed ready for weaning after at least 24 hours of mechanical ventilation revealed that the use of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) with noninvasive ventilation immediately after extubation significantly decreased the risk of reintubation compared to HFNO alone in mechanically ventilated patients who were at high risk of extubation failure.
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High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in Adult Acute Care
A relatively new modality, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy is used commonly to treat acute respiratory failure.
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Selpercatinib Capsules (Retevmo)
Selpercatinib should be prescribed to treat metastatic rearranged during transfection (RET) fusion-positive, non-small cell lung cancer and advanced or metastatic RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer.
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How Does Weight Loss Affect Lower Urinary Symptoms and Incontinence in Obese and Overweight Women?
Weight loss interventions were associated with improvements in urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women at one to 2.9 years.
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Type of Provider and Opioid Use in New-Onset Low Back Pain
When compared to an initial visit with a primary care physician, patients who initially received care for new-onset low back pain from a chiropractor, physical therapist, or acupuncturist were at lower odds for early and long-term opioid use.
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Disability After Minor Stroke and TIA — Secondary Analysis of the POINT Trial
Although the data from this analysis suggest disability might be less with dual antiplatelet therapy, differences between the groups were small, did not show robust findings, and did not reach statistical significance in most of the analyses.
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Benefits of Targeting LDL Cholesterol Below 70 mg/dL
After an ischemic stroke of atherosclerotic origin, targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to less than 70 mg/dL resulted in a significant reduction in subsequent major vascular events and no increase in intracranial hemorrhage.
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Making Healthy Lifestyle Choices, Living Longer Without Chronic Diseases
The authors found improving each of four “healthy lifestyle choices” added approximately one year of disease-free life between ages 40 and 75 years. Adopting all four “optimal” lifestyles was associated with nine years of life gained vs. adopting zero optimal lifestyles.
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Is Exercise ECG Testing Dead?
A post-hoc analysis of the SCOT-HEART trial demonstrated exercise ECG is predictive of future coronary heart disease events and mortality. However, coronary CT angiography is more accurate for the detection of coronary artery disease and is more strongly associated with future coronary events.
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Clinical vs. Genetic Risk for Coronary Disease
A study of the utility of a polygenetic score for coronary artery disease risk was compared to the pooled cohort equation (PCE) for determining which primary prevention patients would benefit from statin use. Only at the top 5% risk stratum did the genetic score exceed an odds ratio for coronary disease of 2. Using these data would increase statin recommendations by 4% vs. the PCE.