Cardiology
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Infective Endocarditis Trends and Outcomes
Using large databases from New York and California, investigators found the overall incidence of infective endocarditis remained stable between 1998 and 2013, and 90-day mortality declined. Changes were noted in pathogen etiology and patient characteristics over time.
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Assessing Serial Ventilator Settings May Help Reduce Duration of Antibiotic Courses for Suspected Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
In mechanically ventilated patients with stable ventilator settings for at least three days, very short courses of antibiotics (< 3 days) for suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia were associated with similar outcomes when compared to longer courses (> 3 days).
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Prophylactic Steroids Prevent Reintubation in Patients at Risk for Post-extubation Stridor
This meta-analysis demonstrated the administration of steroids between one to 24 hours prior to extubation reduced the risk of reintubation for patients at risk for post-extubation stridor.
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Early Lung Recruitment Reduces Pulmonary Complications
In postoperative cardiac surgery patients with hypoxemia at admission to the ICU, the brief application of an intensive recruitment maneuver followed by lung-protective ventilation was associated with reduced occurrence and severity of pulmonary complications.
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treatment Guidelines
This article provides a collaborative, evidence-based guideline for mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Clinical Briefs
In this section: Effects of weight gain on the cardiovascular system; comparing sleep apnea treatments; and rhabdomyolysis brought on by exercise.
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Edaravone Injection (Radicava)
The FDA has approved edaravone, the first new treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis since the approval of riluzole more than 20 years ago.
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Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E is the most common form of viral hepatitis worldwide and often is asymptomatic, but it is commonly associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and Guillain-Barré variants.
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Treatment of Chronic Fatigue/Myalgic Encephalitis Syndrome
Blockade of IL-1 activity with anakinra failed to reduce fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
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Very Low-carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet May Reverse Type 2 Diabetes
A very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet demonstrated superiority to the plate method diet recommended by the American Diabetes Association for controlling and even reversing type 2 diabetes.