Cardiology
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Is There Still a Role for High-frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in ARDS?
In this patient-level meta-analysis of four well-known randomized, controlled trials of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the authors found that HFOV increases mortality for most patients with ARDS but may improve survival among patients specifically with severe ARDS.
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Hyponatremia in the Critically Ill
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder encountered in hospitalized patients (30-40%) and is present in 17.7% of patients admitted to the ICU. A recent registry demonstrated significant practice variation regarding this common disorder, underlining the frequent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges clinicians face in this area.
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Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement as an Alternative to Other Surgical Options
A large registry study of transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) in patients with degenerated mitral valve bioprostheses or failed mitral annuloplasty repairs who were at high risk for repeat surgery showed that TMVR can be performed successfully. However, the initial and long-term results are better in the degenerated bioprothesis group.
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Can Medical Therapy Improve Functional Mitral Regurgitation?
Among patients who presented with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and severe functional mitral regurgitation, mitral regurgitation improved in 38% of patients with medical management. Improvement in mitral regurgitation was associated with increased survival.
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Patent Foramen Ovale Intervention Rises to Occasion in Cryptogenic Stroke
After years of uncertainty, three large randomized trials have shown a benefit to patent foramen ovale closure in reducing recurrence after cryptogenic stroke in the right patients.
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Late-breaking Clinical Trials From the European Society of Cardiology Congress, August 2017
Recent findings of several important clinical trials in atrial fibrillation management were presented as part of the “Hot Line” sessions at this year’s European Society of Cardiology Congress in Barcelona, Spain. A selection particularly relevant to the general cardiology community is presented here.
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Clinical Briefs
In this section: A better definition for celiac disease; shedding light on a vaccine; and treating asthma.
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Meropenem and Vaborbactam Injection (Vabomere)
The FDA has approved a new combination antibacterial for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.
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Is a Dabigatran Reversal Agent Effective?
A pragmatic clinical study of idarucizumab for counteracting the effects of the oral anticoagulant dabigatran showed rapid and complete reversal of its effects in patients with major bleeding or urgent surgery, without any adverse safety concerns.
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Mother Was Right: You Are What You Eat
In a study of simplified enterotypes as prognostic markers for successful body fat loss on two different diets, participants with a greater ratio of Prevotella to Bacteroides appeared more susceptible to lose body fat on diets high in fiber and whole grains.