Cardiology
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Effect of Diet on Hippocampal Volume in a Population at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease
MRI of the brain in community-dwelling people (average age, 60 years) revealed that a long-term, high-quality diet was associated with larger hippocampal volumes after an average interval of 11 years.
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Acupuncture as Adjunct Therapy for Infertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy for treating infertility in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome receiving clomiphene citrate or placebo offered no benefit over sham acupuncture.
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Acupuncture for Pain Control in the Emergency Department
In this study, researchers treated pain in the emergency department with acupuncture alone, acupuncture with conventional medication, or medication alone. They found acute efficacy was similar, although not optimal, for all modalities.
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Chocolate for Primary Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation
In a large, population-based, prospective cohort study of Danish people aged 50-64 years, researchers found that chocolate intake was inversely related to incidental rates of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.
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Baloxavir Marboxil Tablets (Xofluza)
For the first time in nearly 20 years, the FDA has approved a new antiviral drug for the treatment of influenza.
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Does CPAP Improve the Sex Lives of People With Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
Among men using CPAP, prior noncontrolled case series have suggested an improvement in sexual function, albeit primarily among subjects who reported prior sexual difficulties. Although hormonal effects have been implicated in obstructive sleep apnea, no one has confirmed that low testosterone is a consequence of sleep-disordered breathing or that testosterone can rise with the use of CPAP. However, factors that clearly can improve with CPAP, such as weight gain and poor sleep quality, have shown a definite relationship to testosterone levels.
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LDL Cholesterol: How Low Do We Go?
A meta-analysis of 29 cholesterol-lowering outcome studies with baseline average low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels ≤ 70 mg/dL showed consistent major adverse cardiovascular event risk reductions down to average LDL levels of 21 mg/dL without any increase in adverse events.
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Primary Headaches: Look, Listen, and Diagnose Rather Than Image
The diagnosis of primary headache disorders by a computerized and clinical paradigm can predict a baseline prevalence of intracranial abnormalities on brain imaging. Some historical “red flags” in children with headaches, including morning headaches and occipital pain, are not associated with increased intracranial abnormalities.
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Prophylactic Antibiotics for Acute Aspiration
Researchers compared outcomes in patients with aspiration pneumonitis who received prophylactic antibiotics during the first two days after macroaspiration to patients who received only supportive care during this time. Among 200 patients meeting the acute aspiration pneumonitis case definition, antimicrobial prophylaxis was not associated with improvement in mortality.
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Infections Associated With Travel to the United States
Infectious illness is common in travelers from other countries visiting the United States. Skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal illness are most likely, but specific geographic illnesses such as Lyme disease also occur.